This is how I got it to work, improvements to the process is appreciated
1. Apply the above patches
2. In breeze-gtk patch: `git rebase master`
3. Compile breeze-gtk and then copy `$PREFIX/kde/usr/share/themes/Breeze` to `/usr/share/themes` (replacing the existing Breeze (make a backup))
4. Run GTK application with a module from D24275 (see the patch for the instructions)
5. Run systemsettings and reapply Breeze theme from Application Style KCM
6. Go to colors KCM, open it side by side with GTK3 application launched before
7. Restart `kded5`
8. Change the color scheme. The GTK3 application should change it colors.