diff --git a/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst b/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst index 9ed8fe480..dbb4ac141 100644 --- a/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst +++ b/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst @@ -1,164 +1,164 @@ .. meta:: :description: Axonometric projection. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. This is a continuation of :ref:`the orthographic and oblique tutorial `, be sure to check it out if you get confused! .. index:: Projection, Axonometric, Dimetric, Isometric .. _projection_axonometric: Axonometric =========== So, the logic of adding the top is still similar to that of the side. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_07.svg :align: center Not very interesting. But it gets much more interesting when we use a side projection: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_08.svg :align: center Because our cube is red on both front-sides, and blue on both left and right side, we can just use copies, this simplifies the method for cubes a lot. We call this form of axonometric projection 'dimetric' as it deforms two parallel lines equally. Isometric is sorta like dimetric where we have the same angle between all main lines: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_09.svg :align: center True isometric is done with a 90-54.736=35.264° angle from ground plane: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_10.svg :align: center (as you can see, it doesn't line up perfectly, because Inkscape, while more designed for making these kinds of diagrams than Krita, doesn't have tools to manipulate the line's angle in degrees) This is a bit of an awkward angle, and on top of that, it doesn't line up with pixels sensibly, so for videogames an angle of 30° from the ground plane is used. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_11.svg :align: center Alright, so, let's make an isometric out of our boy then. We make a new document, and add a vector layer. On the vector layer, we select the straight line tool, start a line and then hold the :kbd:`Shift` key to make it snap to angles. This'll allow us to make a 30° setup like above: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_15.png :align: center We then import some of the frames from the animation via :menuselection:`Layers --> Import/Export --> Import layer`. -Then crop it by setting the crop tool to :guilabel:`Layer`, and use :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to alpha` to remove any background. I also set the layers to 50% opacity. We then align the vectors to them: +Then crop it by setting the crop tool to :guilabel:`Layer`, and use :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to alpha...` to remove any background. I also set the layers to 50% opacity. We then align the vectors to them: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_16.png :align: center .. tip:: To resize a vector but keep its angle, you just select it with the shape handling tool (the white arrow) drag on the corners of the bounding box to start moving them, and then press the :kbd:`Shift` key to constrain the ratio. This'll allow you to keep the angle. The lower image is 'the back seen from the front', we'll be using this to determine where the ear should go. Now, we obviously have too little space, so select the crop tool, select :guilabel:`Image` and tick :guilabel:`Grow` and do the following: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_17.png :align: center Grow is a more practical way of resizing the canvas in width and height immediately. Then we align the other heads and transform them by using the transform tool options: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_18.png :align: center (330° here is 360°-30°) Our rectangle we'll be working in slowly becomes visible. Now, this is a bit of a difficult angle to work at, so we go to :menuselection:`Image --> Rotate --> Rotate Image` and fill in 30° clockwise: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_19.png :align: center .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_20.png :align: center (of course, we could've just rotated the left two images 30°, this is mostly to be less confusing compared to the cube) So, we do some cropping, some cleanup and add two parallel assistants like we did with the orthographic: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_21.png :align: center So the idea here is that you draw parallel lines from both sides to find points in the drawing area. You can use the previews of the assistants for this to keep things clean, but I drew the lines anyway for your convenience. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_22.png :align: center The best is to make a few sampling points, like with the eyebrows here, and then draw the eyebrow over it. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_23.png :align: center Alternative axonometric with the transform tool ----------------------------------------------- Now, there's an alternative way of getting there that doesn't require as much space. We open our orthographic with :guilabel:`Open existing Document as Untitled Document` so that we don't save over it. Our game-safe isometric has its angle at two pixels horizontal is one pixel vertical. So, we shear the ortho graphics with transform masks to -.5/+.5 pixels (this is proportional) .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_24.png :align: center Use the grid to setup two parallel rulers that represent both diagonals (you can snap them with the :kbd:`Shift + S` shortcut): .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_25.png :align: center Add the top view as well: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_26.png :align: center if you do this for all slices, you get something like this: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_27.png :align: center Using the parallel rulers, you can then figure out the position of a point in 3d-ish space: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_28.png :align: center As you can see, this version both looks more 3d as well as more creepy. That's because there are less steps involved as the previous version -- We're deriving our image directly from the orthographic view -- so there are less errors involved. The creepiness is because we've had the tiniest bit of stylisation in our side view, so the eyes come out HUGE. This is because when we stylize the side view of an eye, we tend to draw it not perfectly from the side, but rather slightly at an angle. If you look carefully at the turntable, the same problem crops up there as well. Generally, stylized stuff tends to fall apart in 3d view, and you might need to make some choices on how to make it work. For example, we can just easily fix the side view (because we used transform masks, this is easy.) .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_29.png :align: center And then generate a new drawing from that… .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_animation_02.gif :align: center Compare to the old one and you should be able to see that the new result’s eyes are much less creepy: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_30.png :align: center It still feels very squashed compared to the regular parallel projection above, and it might be an idea to not just skew but also stretch the orthos a bit. Let's continue with perspective projection in the next one! diff --git a/reference_manual/preferences/author_settings.rst b/reference_manual/preferences/author_settings.rst index 0a73e3ff9..d15bac917 100644 --- a/reference_manual/preferences/author_settings.rst +++ b/reference_manual/preferences/author_settings.rst @@ -1,48 +1,48 @@ .. meta:: :description: Author profile settings in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Preferences, Settings, Author Profile, Metadata .. _author_settings: ======================= Author Profile Settings ======================= Krita allows creating an author profile that you can use to store contact info into your images. -The main element is the author page. This page was overhauled massively in 4.0. +The main element is the Author page. This page was overhauled massively in 4.0. By default, it will use the "Anonymous" profile, which contains nothing. To create a new profile, press the "+" button, and write up a name for the author profile. You can then fill out the fields. .. figure:: /images/preferences/Krita_4_0_preferences_author_page.png :align: center :figwidth: 800 The position field is special in that it has a list of hard coded common artists positions it can suggest. In older versions of Krita there could only be one of each contact info. In 4.0, you can make as many contact entries as you'd like. Press :guilabel:`Add Contact Info` to add an entry in the box. By default it will set the type to homepage, because that is the one that causes the least spam. Double |mouseleft| homepage to change the contact type. Double |mouseleft| the "New Contact Info" text to turn it into a line edit to change the value. Using the new profile --------------------- To use a profile for your current drawing, go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Active Author Profile` and select the name you gave your profile. Then, when pressing :guilabel:`Save` on your current document, you will be able to see your last author profile as the last person who saved it in :menuselection:`File --> Document Information --> Author`. Exporting author metadata to Jpeg and Png ----------------------------------------- .. versionadded:: 4.0 The jpeg and png export both have :guilabel:`Sign with author data` options. Toggling these will store the Nickname and the *first entry in the contact info* into the metadata of png or jpeg. For the above example in the screenshot, that would result in: ``ExampleMan (http://example.com)`` being stored in the metadata. diff --git a/tutorials/common_workflows.rst b/tutorials/common_workflows.rst index 14db53909..a037a29e1 100644 --- a/tutorials/common_workflows.rst +++ b/tutorials/common_workflows.rst @@ -1,210 +1,210 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Common workflows used in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Vancemoss - Raghavendra Kamath :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _common_wokflows: ================ Common Workflows ================ Krita's main goal is to help artists create a digital painting from scratch. Krita is used by comic artists, matte painters, texture artists, and illustrators around the world. This section explains some common workflow that artists use in Krita. When you open a new document in Krita for the first time, you can start painting instantly. The brush tool is selected by default and you just have to paint on the canvas. However, let us look at what artists do in Krita. Below are some of the common workflows used in Krita: Speed Painting and Conceptualizing ---------------------------------- Some artists work only on the digital medium, sketching and visualizing concepts in Krita from scratch. As the name suggests a technique of painting done within a matter of hours to quickly visualize the basic scene, character, look and feel of the environment or to denote the general mood and overall concept is called a **speed painting**. Finishing and finer details are not the main goals of this type of painting, but the representation of form value and layout is the main goal. Some artists set a time limit to complete the painting while some paint casually. Speed painting then can be taken forward by adding finer details and polish to create a final piece. Generally, artists first block in the composition by adding patches and blobs of flat colors, defining the silhouette, etc. Krita has some efficient brushes for this situation, for example, the brushes under **Block Tag** like Block fuzzy, Block basic, layout_block, etc. After the composition and a basic layout has been laid out the artists add as many details as possible in the given limited time, this requires a decent knowledge of forms, value perspective and proportions of the objects. Below is an example of speed paint done by `David Revoy `_ in an hours time. .. image:: /images/Pepper-speedpaint-deevad.jpg :alt: Speedpaint of Pepper & Carrot by deevad (David Revoy). :width: 800 Artwork by David Revoy, license : `CC-BY `_ You can view the recorded speed painting demo for the above image `on Youtube `_. Colorizing Line Art ------------------- Often an artist, for example, a comic book colorist will need to take a pencil sketch or other line art of some sort and use Krita to paint underneath it. This can be either an image created digitally or something that was done outside the computer and has been scanned. Preparing the line art ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If your images have a white or other single-tone background, you can use either of the following methods to prepare the art for coloring: Place the line art at the top of the layer stack and set its layer blending mode to :guilabel:`Multiply`. If you want to clean the line art a bit you can press the :kbd:`Ctrl + L` shortcut or go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Adjust --> Levels`. .. image:: /images/filters/Levels-filter.png :alt: Level filter dialog. You can clean the unwanted grays by moving the white triangle in the input levels section to left and darken the black by moving the black triangle to right. If you draw in blue pencils and then ink your line art you may need to remove the blue lines first to do that go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Adjust --> Color adjustment curves` or press the :kbd:`Ctrl + M` shortcut. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-cw.png :alt: Remove blue lines from image step 1. Now select **Red** from the drop-down, click on the top right node on the graph and slide it all the way down. Or you can click on the top right node and enter **0** in the input field. Repeat this step for **Green** too. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-02.png :alt: Removing blue lines from scan step 2. Now the whole drawing will have a blue overlay, zoom in and check if the blue pencil lines are still visible slightly. If you still see them, then go to **Blue** Channel in the color adjustment and shift the top right node towards left a bit, Or enter a value around 190 (one that removes the remaining rough lines) in the input box. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-03.png :alt: Remove blue lines from scans step 3. Now apply the color adjustment filter, yes we still have lots of blue on the artwork. Be patient and move on to the next step. Go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Adjust --> Desaturate` or press the :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + U` shortcut. Now select :guilabel:`Max` from the list. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-04.png :alt: Remove blue lines from scans step 4. .. hint:: It is good to use non-photo-blue pencils to create the blue lines as those are easy to remove. If you are drawing digitally in blue lines use #A4DDED color as this is closer to non-photo-blue color. You can learn more about doing a sketch from blue sketch to digital painting `here in a tutorial by David Revoy `_. -After you have a clean black and white line art you may need to erase the white color and keep only black line art, to achieve that go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha`. Use the dialog box to turn all the white areas of the image transparent. The Color Picker is set to White by default. If you have imported scanned art and need to select another color for the paper color then you would do it here. +After you have a clean black and white line art you may need to erase the white color and keep only black line art, to achieve that go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha...` menu item. Use the dialog box to turn all the white areas of the image transparent. The Color Picker is set to White by default. If you have imported scanned art and need to select another color for the paper color then you would do it here. .. image:: /images/filters/Color-to-alpha.png :alt: Color to alpha dialog box. This will convert the white color in your line art to alpha i.e. it will make the white transparent leaving only the line art. Your line art can be in grayscale color space, this is a unique feature in Krita which allows you to keep a layer in a color-space independent from the image. Laying in Flat Colors ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ There are many ways to color a line art in Krita, but generally, these three are common among the artists. 1. Paint blocks of color directly with block brushes. 2. Fill with Flood fill Tool. 3. Use one of the G'MIC colorize comics filters. Blocking with brush """"""""""""""""""" The first is the more traditional method of taking a shape brush or using the geometric tools to lay in color. This would be similar to using an analog marker or brush on paper. There are various block brushes in Krita, you can select **Block** Tag from the drop-down in the brush presets docker and use the brushes listed there. Add a layer underneath your line art layer and start painting with the brush. If you want to correct any area you can press the :kbd:`E` key and convert the same brush into an eraser. You can also use a layer each for different colors for more flexibility. Filling with Flood Fill tool """""""""""""""""""""""""""" The second method is to use the Flood fill tool to fill large parts of your line art quickly. This method generally requires closed gaps in the line art. To begin with this method place your line art on a separate layer. Then activate the flood fill tool and set the :guilabel:`Grow selection` to 2px, uncheck :guilabel:`Limit to current layer` if previously checked. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Floodfill-krita.png :alt: Flood fill in krita. Choose a color from color selector and just click on the area you want to fill the color. As we have expanded the fill with grow selection the color will be filled slightly underneath the line art thus giving us a clean fill. GMIC Colorize [Interactive] """"""""""""""""""""""""""" The third method is to use take advantage of the integrated G'Mic filters. These are powerful filters that can dramatically improve your workflow and cut you down on your production time. To begin coloring with the G'MIC colorize interactive, go to :menuselection:`Filters --> G'MIC`. Choose :menuselection:`Filters --> G'MIC --> Black & white --> Colorize [interactive]` from the list of filters. Then select Line art for :menuselection:`Input type, Image + Colors (2 Layers)` for output type, set the view resolution according to your need. If you have any specific color palette to use for coloring add the path for it in an additional color palette. The example of the filter window with the required inputs is shown below. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/GMIC-colorize-interactive-krita.png :alt: G'MIC window in Krita. Press **Apply** to begin the coloring, this will open a color selector **palette** window and a window showing your line art. Choose the color from the palette and click on the areas that need to be filled with color like the example shown below. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Krita-GMIC-colorize-interactive.png :alt: G'MIC colorize interactive window. If you feel that the dots are a bit distracting you can press the :kbd:`Tab` key to reduce the size or hide the dots. To zoom out you can press :kbd:`Ctrl + ↓` and :kbd:`Ctrl + ↑` shortcuts and vice versa. Panning is done by |mousemiddle| :kbd:`+ drag`. Press the :kbd:`Spacebar` key to generate the colors. If you want to replace a color select the color by |mousemiddle| and pressing the :kbd:`R` key then you can select an alternate color from the palette. Once you have finished adding the desired flat colors you can press the :kbd:`Enter` key to apply the filter. Then don't forget to press **Ok** in the G'MIC dialog box. The flats colors will be placed on a separate layer. You can check `this `_ tutorial by David Revoy to know more about this technique. GMIC Colorize [comics] """""""""""""""""""""" Krita provides one more option to prepare flat colors through G'MIC colorize comics filter. This technique needs some preparations before you run the G'MIC filter. This layer extrapolates the color spots that you input below the line art. You have to create two layers below the line art, one for the color spots indicating which color you need to be filled in the region and one for the final extrapolated output of the filter. Mark some colors spots in the layer beneath the line art. The layer setup can be seen in the image below. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Colorize-krita.png :alt: G'MIC colorize comics layer setup. The colors spots are marked in red in the image. Now go to :menuselection:`Filters --> G'MIC --> Black & white --> Colorize [comics]`. In the G'MIC dialog box, select :guilabel:`All` for input and :guilabel:`In place (default)` for output, select :guilabel:`Lineart + color spots + extrapolated layers` for both input and output layers on the right-hand side. Smoothness is for filling gap tolerance and details the default is 0.5 you can adjust it according to your line art. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Colorise-comics-setting.png :alt: Colorize Interactive dialog and settings. Press **Apply** and **Ok** to apply and exit the G'MIC dialog. You'll now have flat colors beneath your line art. More details about this technique can be found in the tutorial `at Timothée Giet's blog `_. Painting -------- Starting from chaos ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Here, you start by making a mess through random shapes and texture, then taking inspirations from the resulting chaos you can form various concepts. It is kind of like making things from clouds or finding recognizable shapes of things in abstract and random textures. Many concept artists work with this technique. You can use brushes like the shape brush, or the spray brush to paint a lot of different shapes, and from the resulting noise, you let your brain pick out shapes and compositions. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Chaos2.jpg :alt: Starting a painting from chaotic sketch. You then refine these shapes to look more like shapes you think they look, and paint them over with a normal paintbrush. This method is best done in a painting environment. Starting from a value based underground ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This method finds its origins in old oil-painting practice: You first make an under-painting and then paint over it with color, having the dark underground shine through. With Krita you can use blending modes for this purpose. Choosing the color blending mode on a layer on top allows you to change the colors of the image without changing the relative luminosity. This is useful, because humans are much more sensitive to tonal differences than the difference in saturation and hue. This'll allow you to work in grayscale before going into color for the polishing phase. You can find more about this technique `here `_. Preparing Tiles and Textures ---------------------------- Many artists use Krita to create textures for 3d assets used for games animation, etc. Krita has many texture templates for you to choose and get started with creating textures. These templates have common sizes, bit depth and color profiles that are used for texturing workflow. Krita also has a real-time seamless tile mode to help texture artist prepare tiles and texture easily and check if it is seamless on the fly. The tiled mode is called wrap-around mode, to activate this mode got to :menuselection:`View --> Wrap Around Mode`. Now when you paint the canvas is tiled in real-time allowing you to create seamless pattern and texture, it is also easy to prepare interlocking patterns and motifs in this mode. Creating Pixel Art ------------------ Krita can also be used to create a high definition pixel painting. The pixel art look can be achieved by using Index color filter layer and overlaying dithering patterns. The general layer stack arrangement is as shown below. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Layer-docker-pixelart.png :alt: Layer stack setup for pixel art. The index color filter maps specific user-selected colors to the grayscale value of the artwork. You can see the example below, the strip below the black and white gradient has an index color applied to it so that the black and white gradient gets the color selected to different values. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Gradient-pixelart.png :alt: Color mapping in index color to grayscale. You can choose the required colors and ramps in the index color filter dialog as shown below. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Index-color-filter.png :alt: Index color filter dialog. Dithering can be used to enhance the look of the art and to ease the banding occurred by the index color filter. Krita has a variety of dithering patterns by default, these can be found in pattern docker. You can use these patterns as fill layer, then set the blend mode to **overlay** and adjust the opacity according to your liking. Generally, an opacity range of 10% - 25% is ideal. Paint the artwork in grayscale and add an index color filter layer at the top then add the dithering pattern fill layer below the index color filter but above the artwork layer, as shown in the layer stack arrangement above. You can paint or adjust the artwork at any stage as we have added the index color filter as a filter layer. You can add different groups for different colors and add different dithering patterns for each group. Below is an example painted with this layer arrangement. .. image:: /images/common-workflows/Kiki-pixel-art.png :alt: Pixel art done in Krita. diff --git a/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst b/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst index 4ebdbb29c..bc53bfbcd 100644 --- a/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst +++ b/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst @@ -1,329 +1,329 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Common workflows used in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _flat_coloring: ============= Flat Coloring ============= So you've got a cool black on white drawing, and now you want to color it! The thing we’ll aim for in this tutorial is to get your line art colored in with flat colors. So no shading just yet. We’ll be going through some techniques for preparing the line art, and we’ll be using the layer docker to put each color on a separate layer, so we can easily access each color when we add shading. .. note:: This tutorial is adapted from this `tutorial `_ by the original author. Understanding Layers -------------------- To fill line art comfortably, it's best to take advantage of the layerstack. The layer stack is pretty awesome, and it's one of those features that make digital art super-convenient. In traditional art, it is not uncommon to first draw the full background before drawing the subject. Or to first draw a line art and then color it in. Computers have a similar way of working. In programming, if you tell a computer to draw a red circle, and then afterwards tell it to draw a smaller yellow circle, you will see the small yellow circle overlap the red circle. Switch the commands around, and you will not see the yellow circle at all: it was drawn before the red circle and thus ‘behind’ it. This is referred to as the “drawing order”. So like the traditional artist, the computer will first draw the images that are behind everything, and layer the subject and foreground on top of it. The layer docker is a way for you to control the drawing order of multiple images, so for example, you can have your line art drawn later than your colors, meaning that the lines will be drawn over the colors, making it easier to make it neat! Other things that a layer stack can do are blending the colors of different layers differently with blending modes, using a filter in the layer stack, or using a mask that allows you to make parts transparent. .. tip:: Programmers talk about transparency as ''Alpha'', which is because the 'a' symbol is used to present transparency in the algorithms for painting one color on top of another. Usually when you see the word ''Alpha'' in a graphics program, just think of it as affecting the transparency. Preparing your line art ----------------------- Put the new layer underneath the layer containing the line art (drag and drop or use the up/down arrows for that), and draw on it. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart14.png :alt: Layer structure for flatting in krita. …And notice nothing happening. This is because the white isn’t transparent. You wouldn’t really want it to either, how else would you make convincing highlights? So what we first need to do to color in our drawing is prepare our line art. There’s several methods of doing so, each with varying qualities. The Multiply Blending Mode -------------------------- So, typically, to get a black and white line art usable for coloring, you can set the blending mode of the line art layer to Multiply. You do this by selecting the layer and going to the drop-down that says **Normal** and setting that to **Multiply**. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart1.png :alt: Blend mode setup of line art flat coloring. And then you should be able to see your colors! Multiply is not a perfect solution however. For example, if through some image editing magic I make the line art blue, it results into this: .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart2.png :alt: Effects of multiply blend mode. This is because multiply literally multiplies the colors. So it uses maths! What it first does is take the values of the RGB channels, then divides them by the max (because we're in 8bit, this is 255), a process we call normalising. Then it multiplies the normalized values. Finally, it takes the result and multiplies it with 255 again to get the result values. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 * - - Pink - Pink (normalized) - Blue - Blue (normalized) - Normalized, multiplied - Result * - Red - 222 - 0.8705 - 92 - 0.3607 - 0.3139 - 80 * - Green - 144 - 0.5647 - 176 - 0.6902 - 0.3897 - 99 * - Blue - 123 - 0.4823 - 215 - 0.8431 - 0.4066 - 103 This isn't completely undesirable, and a lot of artists use this effect to add a little richness to their colors. Advantages """""""""" Easy, can work to your benefit even with colored lines by softening the look of the lines while keeping nice contrast. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Not actually transparent. Is a little funny with colored lines. Using Selections ---------------- The second method is one where we'll make it actually transparent. In other programs this would be done via the channel docker, but Krita doesn't do custom channels, instead it uses Selection Masks to store custom selections. 1. Duplicate your line art layer. 2. Convert the duplicate to a selection mask. |mouseright| the layer, then :menuselection:`Convert --> to Selection Mask`. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_selection_1.png 3. Invert the selection mask. :menuselection:`Select --> Invert Selection`. 4. Make a new layer, and do :menuselection:`Edit --> Fill with Foreground Color`. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_selection_2.png And you should now have the line art on a separate layer. Advantages """""""""" Actual transparency. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Doesn't work when the line art is colored. Using Masks ----------- This is a simpler variation of the above. 1. Make a filled layer underneath the line art layer. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_mask_1.png 2. Convert the line art layer to a transparency mask |mouseright| the layer, then :menuselection:`Convert --> to Transparency Mask`. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_mask_2.png 3. Invert the transparency mask by going to :menuselection:`Filter --> Adjust --> Invert`. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_mask_3.png Advantages """""""""" Actual transparency. You can also very easily doodle a pattern on the filled layer where the mask is on without affecting the transparency. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Doesn't work when the line art is colored already. We can still get faster. Using Color to Alpha -------------------- By far the fastest way to get transparent line art. -1. Select the line art layer and apply the :guilabel:`Filter: Color to Alpha` dialog under :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha`. The default values should be sufficient for line art. +1. Select the line art layer and apply the :guilabel:`Filter: Color to Alpha` dialog under :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha...` menu item. The default values should be sufficient for line art. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart_color_to_alpha.png Advantages """""""""" Actual transparency. Works with colored line art as well, because it removes the white specifically. Disadvantages """"""""""""" You'll have to lock the layer transparency or separate out the alpha via the right-click menu if you want to easily color it. Coloring the image ================== Much like preparing the line art, there are many different ways of coloring a layer. You could for example fill in everything by hand, but while that is very precise it also takes a lot of work. Let's take a look at the other options, shall we? Fill Tool --------- .. image:: /images/icons/fill_tool.svg :alt: Fill-tool icon. In most cases the fill-tool can’t deal with the anti-aliasing (the soft edge in your line art to make it more smooth when zoomed out) In Krita you have the grow-shrink option. Setting that to say… 2 expands the color two pixels. Threshold decides when the fill-tool should consider a different color pixel to be a border. And the feathering adds an extra soft border to the fill. Now, if you click on a gapless-part of the image with your preferred color… (Remember to set the opacity to 1.0!) Depending on your line art, you can do flats pretty quickly. But setting the threshold low can result in little artifacts around where lines meet: .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart7.png :alt: Colors filled with fill tool. However, setting the threshold high can end with the fill not recognizing some of the lighter lines. Besides these little artifacts can be removed with the brush easily. Advantages """""""""" Pretty darn quick depending on the available settings. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Again, not great with gaps or details. And it works best with aliased line art. Selections ---------- Selections work using the selection tools. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart15.png :alt: Selecting with selection tools for filling color. For example with the :ref:`bezier_curve_selection_tool` you can easily select a curved area, and the with :kbd:`Shift +` |mouseleft| (not |mouseleft| :kbd:`+ Shift`, there's a difference!) you can easily add to an existing selection. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart16.png :alt: Selection mask in Krita. You can also edit the selection if you have :menuselection:`Select --> Show Global Selection Mask` turned on. Then you can select the global selection mask, and paint on it. (Above with the alternative selection mode, activated in the lower-left corner of the stats bar) When done, select the color you want to fill it with and press the :kbd:`Shift + Backspace` shortcut. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart17.png :alt: Filling color in selection. You can save selections in selection masks by |mouseright| a layer, and then going to :menuselection:`Add --> Local Selection`. You first need to deactivate a selection by pressing the circle before adding a new selection. This can serve as an alternative way to split out different parts of the image, which is good for more painterly pieces: .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart18.png :alt: Result of coloring made with the help of selection tools. Advantages """""""""" A bit more precise than filling. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Previewing your color isn't as easy. Geometric tools --------------- So you have a tool for making rectangles or circles. And in the case of Krita, a tool for bezier curves. Select the path tool (|path tool|), and set the tool options to fill=foreground and outline=none. Make sure that your opacity is set to 1.00 (fully opaque). .. |path tool| image:: /images/icons/bezier_curve.svg By clicking and holding, you can influence how curvy a line draw with the path tool is going to be. Letting go of the mouse button confirms the action, and then you’re free to draw the next point. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart8.png :alt: Filling color in line art using path tool. You can also erase with a geometric tool. Just press the :kbd:`E` key or the eraser button. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart9.png :alt: Erasing with path tool. Advantages """""""""" Quicker than using the brush or selections. Also decent with line art that contains gaps. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Fiddly details aren’t easy to fill in with this. So I recommend skipping those and filling them in later with a brush. Colorize Mask ------------- So, this is a bit of an odd one. In the original tutorial, you'll see I'm suggesting using G'Mic, but that was a few years ago, and G'Mic is a little unstable on windows. Therefore, the Krita developers have been attempting to make an internal tool doing the same. It is disabled in 3.1, but if you use 4.0 or later, it is in the toolbox. Check the Colorize Mask for more information. So it works like this: 1. Select the colorize mask tool. 2. Tick the layer you're using. 3. Paint the colors you want to use on the colorize mask. 4. Click update to see the results: .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart10.png :alt: Coloring with colorize mask. When you are satisfied, |mouseright| the colorize mask, and go to :menuselection:`Convert --> Paint Layer`. This will turn the colorize mask to a generic paint layer. Then, you can fix the last issues by making the line art semi-transparent and painting the flaws away with a pixel art brush. .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart11.png :alt: Result from the colorize mask. Then, when you are done, split the layers via :menuselection:`Layer --> Split --> Split Layer`. There are a few options you can choose, but the following should be fine: .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart12.png :alt: Slitting colors into islands. Finally, press **Ok** and you should get the following. Each color patch it on a different layer, named by the palette in the menu and alpha locked, so you can start painting right away! .. image:: /images/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart13.png :alt: Resulting color islands from split layers. Advantages """""""""" Works with anti-aliased line art. Really quick to get the base work done. Can auto-close gaps. Disadvantages """"""""""""" No anti-aliasing of its own. You have to choose between getting details right or the gaps auto-closed. Conclusion ---------- I hope this has given you a good idea of how to fill in flats using the various techniques, as well as getting a hand of different Krita features. Remember that a good flat filled line art is better than a badly shaded one, so keep practicing to get the best out of these techniques! diff --git a/tutorials/saving-for-the-web.rst b/tutorials/saving-for-the-web.rst index de200b11a..07e0eca06 100644 --- a/tutorials/saving-for-the-web.rst +++ b/tutorials/saving-for-the-web.rst @@ -1,53 +1,53 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Tutorial for saving images for the web. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _saving_for_the_web: ================== Saving For The Web ================== Krita's default saving format is the :ref:`file_kra` format. This format saves everything Krita can manipulate about an image: Layers, Filters, Assistants, Masks, Color spaces, etc. However, that's a lot of data, so ``*.kra`` files are pretty big. This doesn't make them very good for uploading to the internet. Imagine how many people's data-plans hit the limit if they only could look at ``*.kra`` files! So instead, we optimise our images for the web. There are a few steps involved: 1. Save as a ``.kra``. This is your working file and serves as a backup if you make any mistakes. 2. Flatten all layers. This turns all your layers into a single one. Just go to :menuselection:`Layer --> Flatten Image` or press the :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + E` shortcut. Flattening can take a while, so if you have a big image, don't be scared if Krita freezes for a few seconds. It'll become responsive soon enough. -3. Convert the color space to 8bit sRGB (if it isn't yet). This is important to lower the filesize, and PNG for example can't take higher than 16bit. :menuselection:`Image --> Convert Image Color Space` and set the options to **RGB**, **8bit** and **sRGB-elle-v2-srgbtrc.icc** respectively. If you are coming from a linear space, uncheck **little CMS** optimisations +3. Convert the color space to 8bit sRGB (if it isn't yet). This is important to lower the filesize, and PNG for example can't take higher than 16bit. :menuselection:`Image --> Convert Image Color Space...` and set the options to **RGB**, **8bit** and **sRGB-elle-v2-srgbtrc.icc** respectively. If you are coming from a linear space, uncheck **little CMS** optimisations -4. Resize! Go to :menuselection:`Image --> Scale Image To New Size` or use the :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + I` shortcut. This calls up the resize menu. A good rule of thumb for resizing is that you try to get both sizes to be less than 1200 pixels. (This being the size of HD formats). You can easily get there by setting the **Resolution** under **Print Size** to **72** dots per inch. Then press **OK** to have everything resized. +4. Resize! Go to :menuselection:`Image --> Scale Image To New Size...` or use the :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + I` shortcut. This calls up the resize menu. A good rule of thumb for resizing is that you try to get both sizes to be less than 1200 pixels. (This being the size of HD formats). You can easily get there by setting the **Resolution** under **Print Size** to **72** dots per inch. Then press **OK** to have everything resized. 5. Sharpen the image a little. This is especially necessary for social media. Social media websites often scale and convert your image in such a way that it gets a little blurry, because they optimize towards photos and not paintings. To have your images stay sharp, it is worth it to run a sharpen filter beforehand. Because the sharpen filter is quite powerful, you are best off adding a sharpen filter mask on top of the stack and lowering it's opacity till you feel the sharpness is appropriate. 6. Save as a web-safe image format. There's three that are especially recommended: JPG """ Use this for images with a lot of different colors, like paintings. PNG """ Use this for images with few colors or which are black and white, like comics and pixel-art. Select :guilabel:`Save as indexed PNG, if possible` to optimise even more. GIF """ Only use this for animation (will be supported this year) or images with a super low color count, because they will get indexed. Saving with Transparency ------------------------ .. image:: /images/Save_with_transparency.png -Saving with transparency is only possible with gif and png. First, make sure you see the transparency checkers (this can be done by simply hiding the bottom layers, changing the projection color in :menuselection:`Image --> Image Background Color and Transparency`, or by using :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha`). Then, save as PNG and tick **Store alpha channel (transparency)** +Saving with transparency is only possible with gif and png. First, make sure you see the transparency checkers (this can be done by simply hiding the bottom layers, changing the projection color in :menuselection:`Image --> Image Background Color and Transparency...`, or by using :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha...`). Then, save as PNG and tick **Store alpha channel (transparency)** Save your image, upload, and show it off! diff --git a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst index fc975a04d..1f1bf31f3 100644 --- a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst +++ b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst @@ -1,218 +1,218 @@ .. meta:: :description: This is a introduction to Krita for users coming from Paint Tool Sai. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - AnetK - Boudewijn Rempt :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Sai, Painttool Sai .. _introduction_from_sai: ================================================ Introduction to Krita coming from Paint Tool Sai ================================================ How do you do that in Krita? ---------------------------- This section goes over the functionalities that Krita and Paint Tool Sai share, but shows how they slightly differ. Canvas navigation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita, just like Sai, allows you to flip, rotate and duplicate the view. Unlike Sai, these are tied to keyboard keys. Mirror This is tied to :kbd:`M` key to flip. Rotate There's a couple of possibilities here: either the :kbd:`4` and :kbd:`6` keys, or the :kbd:`Ctrl + [` and :kbd:`Ctrl + ]` shortcuts for basic 15 degrees rotation left and right. But you can also have more sophisticated rotation with the :kbd:`Shift + Space + drag` or :kbd:`Shift +` |mousemiddle| :kbd:`+ drag` shortcuts. To reset the rotation, press the :kbd:`5` key. Zoom You can use the :kbd:`+` and :kbd:`-` keys to zoom out and in, or use the :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mousemiddle| shortcut. Use the :kbd:`1`, :kbd:`2` or :kbd:`3` keys to reset the zoom, fit the zoom to page or fit the zoom to page width. You can use the Overview docker in :menuselection:`Settings --> Dockers` to quickly navigate over your image. You can also put these commands on the toolbar, so it'll feel a little like Sai. Go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Toolbars...`. There are two toolbars, but we'll add to the Main Toolbar. Then, you can type in something in the left column to search for it. So, for example, 'undo'. Then select the action 'undo freehand stroke' and drag it to the right. Select the action to the right, and click :menuselection:`Change text`. There, toggle :menuselection:`Hide text when toolbar shows action alongside icon` to prevent the action from showing the text. Then press :guilabel:`OK`. When done right, the :guilabel:`Undo` should now be sandwiched between the save and the gradient icon. You can do the same for :guilabel:`Redo`, :guilabel:`Deselect`, :guilabel:`Invert Selection`, :guilabel:`Zoom out`, :guilabel:`Zoom in`, :guilabel:`Reset zoom`, :guilabel:`Rotate left`, :guilabel:`Rotate right`, :guilabel:`Mirror view` and perhaps :guilabel:`Smoothing: basic` and :guilabel:`Smoothing: stabilizer` to get nearly all the functionality of Sai's top bar in Krita's top bar. (Though, on smaller screens this will cause all the things in the Brushes and Stuff Toolbar to hide inside a drop-down to the right, so you need to experiment a little). :guilabel:`Hide Selection`, :guilabel:`Reset Rotation` are currently not available via the Toolbar configuration, you'll need to use the shortcuts :kbd:`Ctrl + H` and :kbd:`5` to toggle these. .. note:: Krita 3.0 currently doesn't allow changing the text in the toolbar, we're working on it. Right click color picker ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can actually set this in :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita... --> Canvas input settings --> Alternate invocation`. Just double-click the entry that says :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mouseleft| shortcut before :guilabel:`Pick Foreground Color from Merged Image` to get a window to set it to |mouseright|. .. note:: Krita 3.0 actually has a Paint-tool Sai-compatible input sheet shipped by default. Combine these with the shortcut sheet for Paint tool Sai to get most of the functionality on familiar hotkeys. Stabilizer ~~~~~~~~~~ This is in the tool options docker of the freehand brush. Use Basic Smoothing for more advanced tablets, and Stabilizer is much like Paint Tool Sai's. Just turn off :guilabel:`Delay` so that the dead-zone disappears. Transparency ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ So one of the things that throw a lot of Paint Tool Sai users off is that Krita uses checkers to display transparency, which is actually not that uncommon. Still, if you want to have the canvas background to be white, this is possible. Just choose :guilabel:`Background: As Canvas Color` in the new image dialogue and the image background will be white. You can turn it back to transparent via :menuselection:`Image --> Image Background Color and Transparency...` menu item. If you export a PNG or JPG, make sure to uncheck :guilabel:`Store alpha channel (transparency)` and to make the background color white (it's black by default). .. image:: /images/filters/Krita-color-to-alpha.png :align: center -Like Sai, you can quickly turn a black and white image to black and transparent with the :guilabel:`Filter: Color to Alpha` dialog under :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha`. +Like Sai, you can quickly turn a black and white image to black and transparent with the :guilabel:`Filter: Color to Alpha` dialog under :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha...` menu item. Brush Settings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Another, somewhat amusing misconception is that Krita's brush engine is not very complex. After all, you can only change the Size, Flow and Opacity from the top bar. This is not quite true. It's rather that we don't have our brush settings in a docker but a drop-down on the toolbar. The easiest way to access this is with the :kbd:`F5` key. As you can see, it's actually quite complex. We have more than a dozen brush engines, which are a type of brush you can make. The ones you are used to from Paint Tool Sai are the Pixel Brush (ink), The Color Smudge Brush (brush) and the filter brush (dodge, burn). A simple inking brush recipe for example is to take a pixel brush, uncheck the :guilabel:`Enable Pen Settings` on opacity and flow, and uncheck everything but size from the option list. Then, go into brush-tip, pick :ref:`auto_brush_tip` from the tabs, and set the size to 25 (right-click a blue bar if you want to input numbers), turn on anti-aliasing under the brush icon, and set fade to 0.9. Then, as a final touch, set spacing to 'auto' and the spacing number to 0.8. You can configure the brushes in a lot of detail, and share the packs with others. Importing of packs and brushes can be done via the :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources...`, where you can import ``.bundle`` or ``.kpp`` files. Erasing ~~~~~~~ Erasing is a blending mode in Krita, much like the transparency mode of Paint Tool Sai. It's activated with the :kbd:`E` key or you can select it from the :guilabel:`Blending Mode` drop-down box. Blending Modes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita has a lot of Blending modes, and thankfully all of Paint Tool Sai's are amongst them except binary. To manage the blending modes, each of them has a little check-box that you can tick to add them to the favorites. Multiple, Screen, Overlay and Normal are amongst the favorites. Krita's Luminosity is actually slightly different from Paint Tool Sai's and it replaces the relative brightness of color with the relative brightness of the color of the layer. Sai's Luminosity mode (called Shine in Sai2) is the same as Krita's *Luminosity/Shine (SAI)* mode, which is new in Krita 4.2.4. The Sai's Shade mode is the same as *Color Burn* and *Hard Mix* is the same as the Luminosity and Shade modes. Layers ~~~~~~ Lock Alpha This is the checker box icon next to every layer. Clipping group For Clipping masks in Krita you'll need to put all your images in a single layer, and then press the 'a' icon, or press the :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + G` shortcut. Ink layer This is a vector layer in Krita, and also holds the text. Masks These grayscale layers that allow you to affect the transparency are called transparency masks in Krita, and like Paint Tool Sai, they can be applied to groups as well as layers. If you have a selection and make a transparency mask, it will use the selection as a base. Clearing a layer This is under :menuselection:`Edit --> Clear`, but you can also just press the :kbd:`Del` key. Mixing between two colors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you liked this docker in Paint Tool Sai, Krita's Digital Color Selector docker will be able to help you. Dragging the sliders will change how much of a color is mixed in. What do you get extra when using Krita? --------------------------------------- More brush customization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You already met the brush settings editor. Sketch brushes, grid brushes, deform brushes, clone brushes, brushes that are textures, brushes that respond to tilt, rotation, speed, brushes that draw hatches and brushes that deform the colors. Krita's variety is quite big. More color selectors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can have HSV sliders, RGB sliders, triangle in a hue ring. But you can also have HSI, HSL or HSY' sliders, CMYK sliders, palettes, round selectors, square selectors, tiny selectors, big selectors, color history and shade selectors. Just go into :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita... --> Color Selector Settings --> Color Selector tab`, select an option in the :guilabel:`Docker:` drop-down box, to change the shape and type of your main color selector. .. image:: /images/dockers/Krita_Color_Selector_Types.png :align: center You can call the color history with the :kbd:`H` key, common colors with the :kbd:`U` key and the two shade selectors with the :kbd:`Shift + N` and :kbd:`Shift + M` shortcuts. The big selector can be called with the :kbd:`Shift + I` shortcut on canvas. Geometric Tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Circles, rectangles, paths, Krita allows you to draw these easily. Multibrush, Mirror Symmetry and Wrap Around ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These tools allow you to quickly paint a mirrored image, mandala or tiled texture in no time. Useful for backgrounds and abstract vignettes. .. image:: /images/tools/Krita-multibrush.png :align: center Assistants ~~~~~~~~~~ The painting assistants can help you to set up a perspective, or a concentric circle and snap to them with the brush. .. figure:: /images/assistants/Krita_basic_assistants.png :alt: Krita's vanishing point assistants in action. :width: 800 Krita's vanishing point assistants in action. Locking the Layer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lock the layer with the padlock so you don't draw on it. Quick Layer select ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you hold the :kbd:`R` key and press a spot on your drawing, Krita will select the layer underneath the cursor. Really useful when dealing with a large number of layers. Color Management ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This allows you to prepare your work for print, or to do tricks with the LUT docker so you can diagnose your image better. For example, using the LUT docker to turn the colors grayscale in a separate view, so you can see the values instantly. .. image:: /images/Krita-view-dependant-lut-management.png :align: center Advanced Transform Tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Not just rotate and scale, but also cage, wrap, liquify and non-destructive transforms with the transform tool and masks. .. image:: /images/tools/Krita_transforms_recursive.png :align: center More Filters and non-destructive filter layers and masks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With filters like color balance and curves you can make easy shadow layers. In fact, with the filter layers and layer masks you can make them apply on the fly as you draw underneath. .. image:: /images/Krita_ghostlady_3.png :align: center Pop-up palette ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the little circular thing that is by default on the right click. You can organize your brushes in tags, and use those tags to fill up the pop-up palette. It also keeps a little color selector and color history, so you can switch brushes on the fly. .. image:: /images/Krita-popuppalette.png :align: center What does Krita lack compared to Paint Tool Sai? ------------------------------------------------ * Variable width vector lines * The selection source option for layers * Dynamic hard-edges for strokes (the fringe effect) * No mix-docker * No Preset-tied stabilizer * No per-preset hotkeys Conclusion ---------- I hope this introduction got you a little more excited to use Krita, if not feel a little more at home. diff --git a/user_manual/mirror_tools.rst b/user_manual/mirror_tools.rst index 0d3ddf1af..b654e4d91 100644 --- a/user_manual/mirror_tools.rst +++ b/user_manual/mirror_tools.rst @@ -1,45 +1,43 @@ .. meta:: :description: How to use the canvas mirroring tools in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Scott Petrovic - Nmagfurusman :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Mirror, Symmetry .. _mirror_tools: ============ Mirror Tools ============ Draw on one side of a mirror line while the Mirror Tool copies the results to the other side. The Mirror Tools are accessed along the toolbar. You can move the location of the mirror line by grabbing the handle. .. image:: /images/Mirror-tool.png Mirror Tools give a similar result to the :ref:`multibrush_tool`, but unlike the Multibrush which only traces brush strokes like the :ref:`freehand_brush_tool`, the Mirror Tools can be used with any other tool that traces strokes, such as the :ref:`line_tool` and the :ref:`path_tool`, and even with the Multibrush Tool. **Horizontal Mirror Tool** - Mirror the results along the horizontal axis. **Vertical Mirror Tool** - Mirror the results along the vertical axis. There are additional options for each tool. You can access these by the clicking the drop-down arrow located on the right of each tool. -- Hide Mirror Line (toggle) -- Locks the mirror axis and hides the axis - line. -- Lock (toggle) - hides the move icon on the axis line. -- Move to Canvas Center - Moves the axis line to the center of the - canvas. +- Hide Mirror X/Y Line (toggle) -- Locks the mirror axis and hides the axis line. +- Lock X/Y Line (toggle) - hides the move icon on the axis line. +- Move to Canvas Center X/Y - Moves the axis line to the center of the canvas. Mirroring along a rotated line ------------------------------ The Mirror Tool can only mirror along a perfectly vertical or horizontal line. To mirror along a line that is at a rotated angle, use the :ref:`multibrush_tool` and its various parameters, it has more advanced options besides basic symmetry. diff --git a/user_manual/working_with_images.rst b/user_manual/working_with_images.rst index dbbf9ae9e..19d142585 100644 --- a/user_manual/working_with_images.rst +++ b/user_manual/working_with_images.rst @@ -1,280 +1,281 @@ .. meta:: :description: Detailed steps on how images work in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Image, Document, Raster, Vector, Metadata .. _working_with_images: =================== Working with Images =================== Computers work with files and as a painting program, Krita works with images as the type of file it creates and manipulates. What do Images Contain? ----------------------- If you have a text document, it of course contains letters, strung in the right order, so the computer loads them as coherent sentences. Raster Data ~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the main data on the paint layers you make. So these are the strokes with the paint brush and look pixely up close. A multi-layer file will contain several of such layers, that get overlaid on top of each other so make the final image. A single layer file will usually only contain raster data. Vector Data ~~~~~~~~~~~ These are mathematical operations that tell the computer to draw pixels on a spot. This makes them much more scalable, because you just tell the operation to make the coordinates 4 times bigger to scale it up. Due to this vector data is much more editable, lighter, but at the same time it's also much more CPU intensive. Operation Data ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stuff like the filter layers, that tells Krita to change the colors of a layer, but also transparency masks, group layer and transformation masks are saved to multi-layer files. Being able to load these depend on the software that initially made the file. So Krita can load and save groups, transparency masks and layer effects from PSD, but not load or save transform masks. Metadata -------- Metadata is information like the creation date, author, description and also information like DPI. Image size ---------- The image size is the dimension and resolution of the canvas. Image size has direct effect file size of the Krita document. The more pixels that need to be remembered and the higher the bit depth of the color, the heavier the resulting file will be. DPI/PPI ~~~~~~~ **DPI** stands for *Dots per Inch*, **PPI** stands for *Pixels per Inch*. In printing industry, suppose if your printer prints at 300 **DPI**. It means it is actually putting 300 dots of colors in an area equal to an Inch. This means the number of pixels your artwork has in a relative area of an inch. **DPI** is the concern of the printer, and artists while creating artwork should keep **PPI** in mind. According to the **PPI** you have set, the printers can decide how large your image should be on a piece of paper. Some standards: 72 PPI This is the default PPI of monitors as assumed by all programs. It is not fully correct, as most monitors these days have 125 PPI or even 300 PPI for the retina devices. None the less, when making an image for computer consumption, this is the default. 120 PPI This is often used as a standard for low-quality posters. 300 PPI This is the minimum you should use for quality prints. 600 PPI The quality used for line art for comics. Color depth ~~~~~~~~~~~ We went over color depth in the :ref:`Color Management page `. What you need to understand is that Krita has image color spaces, and layer color spaces, the latter which can save memory if used right. For example, having a line art layer in grayscale can half the memory costs. Image color space vs layer color space vs conversion. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Because there's a difference between image color space and layer color -space, you can change only the image color space in :menuselection:`Image --> Properties` which will leave the layers alone. But if you want to change the color +space, you can change only the image color space in :menuselection:`Image --> Properties...` which will leave the layers alone. But if you want to change the color space of the file including all the layers you can do it by going to -:menuselection:`Image --> Convert Image Color Space` this will convert all the layers color space as well. +:menuselection:`Image --> Convert Image Color Space...` this will convert all the layers color space as well. Author and Description ---------------------- .. image:: /images/document_information_screen.png Krita will automatically save who created the image into your image's metadata. Along with the other data such as time and date of creation and modification, Krita also shows editing time of a document in the document information dialog, useful for professional illustrators, speed-painters to keep track of the time they worked on artwork for billing purposes. It detects when you haven’t performed actions for a while, and has a precision of ±60 seconds. You can empty it in the document info dialog and of course by unzipping you .kra file and editing the metadata there. -These things can be edited in :menuselection:`File --> Document Information`, and for the author's information :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita... --> Author Information`. Profiles can be switched under :menuselection:`Settings --> Active Author Profile`. +These things can be edited in :menuselection:`File --> Document Information`, and for the author's information :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita... --> Author`. Profiles can be switched under :menuselection:`Settings --> Active Author Profile`. Setting the canvas background color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can set the canvas background color via :menuselection:`Image --> Image Background -Color and Transparency`. This allows you to turn the background color +Color and Transparency...` menu item. This allows you to turn the background color non-transparent and to change the color. This is also useful for certain file formats which force a background color instead of transparency. PNG and JPG export use this color as the default color to fill in transparency if you do not want to export transparency. If you come in from a program like :program:`Paint Tool Sai`, then using this -option, or using :guilabel:`Set Canvas Background Color` in the new file options, -will allow you to work in a slightly more comfortable environment, where -transparency isn't depicted with checkered boxes. +option, or using :guilabel:`As canvas color` radio button at :guilabel:`Background:` +aection in the new file options, will allow you to work in a slightly more comfortable +environment, where transparency isn't depicted with checkered boxes. Basic transforms ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -There are some basic transforms available in the image menu. +There are some basic transforms available in the Image menu. -Shear Image +Shear Image... This will allow you to skew the whole image and its layers. Rotate - This will allow you to rotate the image and all its layers quickly. -Mirror Horizontal/Vertical + This show a submenu that will allow you to rotate the image and all its layers quickly. +Mirror Image Horizontally/Vertically This will allow you to mirror the whole image with all its layers. But there are more options than that... Cropping and resizing the canvas -------------------------------- You can crop and image with the :ref:`crop_tool`, to cut away extra space and improve the composition. Trimming ~~~~~~~~ -Using :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Layer`, Krita resizes the image to the dimensions -of the layer selected. Useful for when you paste a too large image into -the layer and want to resize the canvas to the extent of this layer. +Using :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Current Layer`, Krita resizes the +image to the dimensions of the layer selected. Useful for when you paste +a too large image into the layer and want to resize the canvas to the extent +of this layer. -:menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` is a faster cousin to the crop tool. This helps -us to resize the canvas to the dimension of any active selection. This -is especially useful with right clicking the layer on the layer stack -and choosing :guilabel:`Select Opaque`. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` will then crop the -canvas to the selection bounding box. +:menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` is a faster cousin to the crop +tool. This helps us to resize the canvas to the dimension of any active selection. +This is especially useful with right clicking the layer on the layer stack and +choosing :guilabel:`Select Opaque`. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` +will then crop the canvas to the selection bounding box. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Image Size` is actually for layers, and will trim all layers to the size of the image, making your files lighter by getting rid of invisible data. Resizing the canvas ------------------- -You can also resize the canvas via :menuselection:`Image --> Resize Canvas` (or the :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + -C` shortcut). The dialog box is shown below. +You can also resize the canvas via :menuselection:`Image --> Resize Canvas...` (or +the :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + C` shortcut). The dialog box is shown below. .. image:: /images/Resize_Canvas.png -In this, constraint proportions will make sure the height and width stay +In this, :guilabel:`Constrain proportions` checkbox will make sure the height and width stay in proportion to each other as you change them. Offset indicates where the new canvas space is added around the current image. You basically decide where the current image goes (if you press the left-button, it'll go to the center left, and the new canvas space will be added to the right of the image). Another way to resize the canvas according to the need while drawing is -when you scroll away from the end of the canvas, you can see an arrow -appear. Clicking this will extend the canvas in that direction. You can -see the arrow marked in red in the example below: +when you scroll away from the end of the canvas, you can see a strip with +an arrow appear. Clicking this will extend the canvas in that direction. +You can see the arrow marked in red in the example below: .. image:: /images/Infinite-canvas.png :width: 700px Resizing the image ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -:guilabel:`Scale Image to New Size` allows you to resize the whole image. Also, +:guilabel:`Scale Image to New Size...` allows you to resize the whole image. Also, importantly, this is where you can change the resolution or *upres* your image. So for instance, if you were initially working at 72 PPI to block in large shapes and colors, images, etc... And now you want to really get in and do some detail work at 300 or 400 PPI this is where you would make the change. Like all other dialogs where a chain link appears, when the chain is linked the aspect ratio is maintained. To disconnect the chain, just click -on the links and the two halves will separate. +on the link and the two halves will separate. .. image:: /images/Scale_Image_to_New_Size.png Separating Images ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/Separate_Image.png This powerful image manipulation feature lets you separate an image into its different components or channels. This is useful for people working in print, or people manipulating game textures. There's no combine functionality, but what you can do, if using colored output, is to set two of the channels to the addition :ref:`blending_modes`. -For grayscale images in the RGB space, you can use the copy red, copy -green and copy blue blending modes, with using the red one for the red +For grayscale images in the RGB space, you can use the Copy Red, Copy +Green and Copy Blue blending modes, with using the red one for the red channel image, etc. Saving, Exporting and Opening Files ----------------------------------- When Krita creates or opens a file, it has a copy of the file in memory, that it edits. This is part of the way how computers work: They make a copy of their file in the RAM. Thus, when saving, Krita takes its copy and copies it over the existing file. There's a couple of tricks you can do with saving. Save Krita saves the current image in its memory to a defined place on the hard-drive. If the image hadn't been saved before, Krita will ask you where to save it. Save As... Make a copy of your current file by saving it with a different name. Krita will switch to the newly made file as its active document. Open... Open a saved file. Fairly straightforward. Export... Save a file to a new location without actively opening it. Useful for when you are working on a layered file, but only need to save a flattened version of it to a certain location. Open Existing Document as Untitled Document... This is a bit of an odd one, but it opens a file, and forgets where you saved it to, so that when pressing 'save' it asks you where to save it. This is also called 'import' in other programs. Create Copy from Current Image Makes a new copy of the current image. Similar to :menuselection:`Open Existing Document as Untitled Document...`, but then with already opened files. Save Incremental Version Saves the current image as 'filename'\_XXX.kra and switches the current document to it. Save Incremental Backup Copies and renames the last saved version of your file to a back-up file and saves your document under the original name. .. note:: Since Krita's file format is compressed data file, in case of a corrupt or broken file you can open it with archive managers and extract the contents of the layers. This will help you to recover as much as possible data from the file. On Windows, you will need to rename it to filename.zip to open it.