diff --git a/source/accessibility/checklist.rst b/source/accessibility/checklist.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1beb738 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/accessibility/checklist.rst @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +Accessibility checklist +======================= + +Introduction +------------ + +This is a list of common things you should check for to have great +:doc:`accessibility ` for your application or widgets. + +Keyboard navigation +------------------- + +- Efficient keyboard access is provided for all application features. +- All windows have a logical keyboard navigation order. +- The correct tab order is used for controls whose enabled state is + dependent on checkboxes, radio buttons or toggle buttons. +- Keyboard access to application-specific functions does not override + existing system accessibility features. +- The application provides more than one method to perform keyboard tasks + whenever possible. +- There are alternative keyboard shortcuts wherever possible. +- Frequently-accessed keyboard shortcuts should be physically easy to access + and not require awkwardly bending the wrist or fingers. +- The application does not require repetitive, simultaneous keypresses. +- The application provides keyboard equivalents for all mouse functions. +- The application provides keyboard equivalents for all mouse-based functions, + including selecting, moving, and resizing items. +- The application does not use any general navigation functions to + trigger operations. +- All keyboard-invoked menus, windows, and tooltips appear near the object + they relate to. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +The following keyboard operations should be tested. Do not use the mouse in any +part of this test. + +- Using only keyboard commands, move the focus through all menu bars in the + application. +- Confirm that: + + - Context-sensitive menus display correctly. + - Any functions listed on the toolbar can be triggered using the keyboard. + - Every control in the client area of the application can be focused and + activated. + - Text and objects within the client area can be selected. + - Any keyboard enhancements or shortcuts are working as designed. + + +Mouse interaction +----------------- + +- No operations depend on input from the right or middle mouse buttons. +- All mouse operations can be cancelled before they are complete. +- Visual feedback is provided throughout drag and drop operations +- The mouse pointer is never moved by the application, or its + movement restricted to part of the screen by the application. + +Graphical elements +------------------ + +- There are no hard-coded graphical attributes such as line, border or + shadow thickness. +- All multi-color graphical elements can be shown in monochrome only, + where possible. +- All interactive GUI elements are easily distinguishable from static GUI + elements. +- An option to hide non-essential graphics is provided. + +See :doc:`units ` for more information on how to use KDE's base +units to avoid hardcoded size values. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +Test the application using a screen reader and confirm that: + +- Labels and text are being read correctly, including menus and toolbars. +- Object information is read correctly. + + +Fonts and text +-------------- + +- No font styles or sizes are hard-coded. +- An option to turn off graphical backdrops behind text is provided. +- All labels have names that make sense when taken out of context. +- No label names are used more than once in the same window. +- Label positioning is consistent throughout the application. +- All static text labels that identify other controls end in a colon (:). +- Static text labels that identify other controls immediately precede + those controls in the tab order. +- An alternative to WYSIWYG is provided. For example, the ability to + specify different screen and printer fonts in a text editor. + +See :doc:`typography ` for more information on how to +avoid hardcoded font sizes and :doc:`labels ` for more +details about labels. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +- Change the font in the application and confirm that the settings are + maintained. +- Test the application by changing colors and confirm that all settings are + maintained. +- If magnification is available, test the font, color, and size using the + magnification option. + + +Color and contrast +------------------ + +- Application colors are not hard-coded, but either use colors from + current desktop theme or an application setting. +- Color is only used as an enhancement, and not as the only means to + convey information or actions. +- The application supports all available + :doc:`high contrast themes ` and settings. +- The software is not dependent on any particular + :doc:`high contrast themes ` or settings. + +See :doc:`the HIG's page about color ` and +:doc:`colors in Kirigami `for more information. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +- Print screenshots to a black and white printer and confirm that all + information is visible. +- Test applications using only black and white high-contrast settings and + confirm that all information is conveyed correctly. +- Test that the application provides at least three combinations of color + schemes and that high-contrast schemes are available (e.g. white on black or + yellow on blue). +- Turn on high-contrast settings in the System Settings and confirm that + the application respects these settings. +- Test various themes to ensure that the software is working for all the + available settings. + + +Magnification +------------- + +- The application provides the ability to scale or magnify the work area. +- The application's functionality is not affected by changing the + magnification or scale settings. + +Audio +----- + +- Sound is not used as the only means of conveying any items of + information. +- The user can configure the frequency and volume of all sounds and + warning beeps. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +There should be an option in the application to show audio alerts visually. + +Test that the audio is working correctly by enabling sound in the System +Settings and then perform the following actions: + +- Perform an action that should generate an audio alert and confirm that the + application is working as designed. +- Verify that the application works correctly when increasing or decreasing + the volume. +- Confirm that warning messages and alerts can be heard correctly in a noisy + work environment. + + +Animation +--------- + +- There are no flashing or blinking elements with a frequency greater than + 2Hz or lower than 55Hz. +- Any flashing or blinking is confined to small areas of the screen. +- If animation is used, an option is available to turn it off before it is + first shown. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +Verify that an option is available to stop animation and that it is working as +designed. + +Turn the animation off. Confirm that all information is still conveyed +correctly. + +Keyboard focus +-------------- + +- When a window is opened, focus starts at the most commonly-used control. +- Current input focus position is clearly displayed at all times. +- Input focus is shown in exactly one window or view at all times. +- Appropriate audio or visual feedback is provided when the user attempts + to navigate past either end of a group of related objects. +- The default audio or visual warning signal is played when the user + presses an inappropriate key. +- There is sufficient audio information for the visual focus that the user + can figure out what to do next. +- Set the focus to the actual control, don't just highlight an area. +- When using assistive technologies, such as a screen reader or braille + device, the current program indicates the position and content of the visual + focus indicator. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +- Verify when moving among objects that the visual focus indicator is + easy to identify. +- Keyboard navigation through the software and menus should be clearly visible + when the focus moves. +- Confirm that the screen reader is tracking the visual focus indicator as you + navigate using a keyboard. +- Run a screen magnification program (if available) and verify that the + magnifier can track the visual focus indicator as you navigate using the + keyboard and mouse. + + +Timing +------ + +- There are no hard-coded time-outs or time-based features in the + application. +- The display or hiding of important information is not triggered solely + by movement of the mouse pointer. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +- Test all messages to confirm that the user is notified before a message + times out and is given the option to indicate that more time is needed. +- Make sure an option has been included to adjust the response time and + confirm that it is working as designed. + +Documentation +------------- + +- All documentation is in an accessible format, with textual alternate + descriptions provided for all figures and diagrams. +- The documentation includes a section that covers all the application's + accessibility features. + +Testing +^^^^^^^ + +Test ASCII text documentation with a screen reader to confirm that it is clear +and precise and can be read by assistive technologies. + +Test HTML applications using a web browser and screen reader to confirm that the +documentation is accessible to assistive technologies. + +Note: There are web accessibility guidelines available at +``_. + +Confirm the following information is included in the documentation: + +- State if the application does not support the standard keyboard access used + by the OS. +- Identify if there are unique keyboard commands. +- Identify any unique accessibility features. +- If an action is documented for the mouse, make sure there is an alternative + for using the keyboard. + +.. note:: + + The content of this page is based on + ``_ diff --git a/source/accessibility/index.rst b/source/accessibility/index.rst index dd17099..951f227 100644 --- a/source/accessibility/index.rst +++ b/source/accessibility/index.rst @@ -1,153 +1,160 @@ Accessibility ============= +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :titlesonly: + :hidden: + + checklist + Introduction ------------ Accessibility is the design of products, devices, services, or environments for people with disabilities. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i.e. unassisted) and "indirect access" meaning compatibility with a person's assistive technology. *Source*: ``_ But good accessibility benefits all users. A working keyboard navigation and well choosen colors and fonts setting not only help people with low vision, blindness, deafness, cognitive or motor impairments or situational disabilities, like a broken hand, but also improve the workflow and usability for all users. Fonts and Colors ---------------- Many users have some deficiencies when it comes to seeing. This doesn't always mean that they are blind. For some people it is enough when :doc:`fonts ` are clear and the :doc:`color scheme ` can be adjusted. This is something every application should do in any case, so here is the list: - Follow the user interface guidelines! This will get you quite far. - Check that color scheme changes apply |br| Try switching to a :doc:`dark color scheme ` and see that your application is still usable - Test changing the :doc:`font size ` - Switch to different fonts and see that they apply - Increase the font size and make sure that the application layout still works Keyboard -------- When you have problems seeing, the mouse is quite hard to use. The keyboard is a lot more reliable. Therefor it is important that applications can be used with the keyboard. For some users, using a mouse is difficult because of motor skill issues. Making applications keyboard accessible benefits everyone, since it allows us to use shortcuts to use the applications more efficiently. - Try to operate your application with the TAB key - Make sure that the tab order is correct - Start your application and do a common task without using the mouse Note where you had trouble and think about possible improvements in the UI or keyboard shortcuts that are missing Screen Reader ------------- There is a lot you can help with to make applications accessible to screen reader users. We refer to screen readers and other assistive technology often as AT. .. TODO:: Setup Screen Readers with KDE Gives detailed setup instructions for screen readers. Testing ------- This section gives a quick intro what to look for when testing an application with a screen reader. Once you have an application running with the screen reader: Make sure Orca says something intelligible for all elements. When it reads a GUI element it should say the label and type, eg: "File, Menu" or "OK, Button". When you have a button that does not have a label, maybe because it shows a picture only, add accessibility hints. Try navigating the more troublesome elements - comboboxes and lists and such. Fixing missing information -------------------------- For many things there are usually easy fixes involving no advanced programming skills but just fixing some details. For this tutorial we assume that you are dealing with a QWidget that is seen by the AT but does for example give not enough information. There are two important properties that every QWidget has: an "Accessible Name" and an "Accessible Description". The name is short, for example the label on a button. It should always be short. The description on the other hand is the more verbose "this button does foo and then bar". Qt will try hard to return something for the name. In case of a button, usually the text on the button is returned. But if your button has text that makes only sense when seeing the arrangement of buttons, or only has an image as label, you need to help the AT read the button. If you don't, it will only say the type of the widget, "Button" is not a very helpful information. Fixing Accessible Name and Description -------------------------------------- Fire up Qt designer if the app uses .ui files. You'll find the properties and can type the name/description right in. After saving the file, rebuild and install the application. You are done, submit a patch to fix the ui file. If the widget is created in the code, just need to find where. Once you found the widget, usually where it's created, add some code to it: .. code-block:: c++ button->setAccessibleName(i18n("Open")); button->setAccessibleDescription(i18n("Opens a file dialog to select a new foo")); Send your patch. Sometimes you also want to override the label for a different reason. One of my test apps was the calculator example from Qt. It has a memory recall button labelled "MR". Orca will insist on this being the "Mister" button, unless told otherwise. Complex Widgets --------------- For some widgets the above is not enough. You will have to create QAccessibleInterfaces for widgets that you create yourself. For example Kate has an interface for its text editing area. Sometimes you need to inherit QAccessibleTextInterface or QAccessibleValueInterface in order to make the widgets properly accessible. Refer to the Qt documentation how to do this. QGraphicsView ------------- Currently there is no support for accessibility in QGraphicsView. Qt Quick (QML) -------------- For Qt 5, refer to the `documentation `_ on how to create accessible QML applications. The concepts are generally the same as for QWidget based applications.