diff --git a/general_concepts/projection/perspective.rst b/general_concepts/projection/perspective.rst index 73f65eaed..f75cf1b46 100644 --- a/general_concepts/projection/perspective.rst +++ b/general_concepts/projection/perspective.rst @@ -1,99 +1,99 @@ .. meta:: :description: Perspective projection. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. This is a continuation of the :ref:`axonometric tutorial `, be sure to check it out if you get confused! .. index:: Projection, Perspective, Perspective Projection .. _projection_perspective: Perspective Projection ---------------------- So, up till now we’ve done only parallel projection. This is called like that because all the projection lines we drew were parallel ones. However, in real life we don’t have parallel projection. This is due to the lens in our eyes. .. image:: /images/category_projection/Projection_Lens1_from_wikipedia.svg :align: center Convex lenses, as this lovely image from `wikipedia `_ shows us, have the ability to turn parallel lightrays into converging ones. The point where all the rays come together is called the focal point, and the vanishing point in a 2d drawing is related to it as it’s the expression of the maximum distortion that can be given to two parallel lines as they’re skewed toward the focal point. As you can see from the image, the focal point is not an end-point of the rays. Rather, it is where the rays cross before diverging again… The only difference is that the resulting image will be inverted. Even in our eyes this inversion happens, but our brains are used to this awkwardness since childhood and turn it around automatically. Let’s see if we can perspectively project our box now. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_12.svg :align: center -That went pretty well. As you can see we sorta ‘merged’ the two sides into one (resulting into the purple side square) so we had an easier time projecting. The projection is limited to one or two vanishing point type projection, so only the horizontal lines get distorted. We can also distort the vertical lines +That went pretty well. As you can see we sort of *merged* the two sides into one (resulting into the purple side square) so we had an easier time projecting. The projection is limited to one or two vanishing point type projection, so only the horizontal lines get distorted. We can also distort the vertical lines .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection-cube_13.svg :align: center … to get three-point projection, but this is a bit much. (And I totally made a mistake in there…) Let’s setup our perspective projection again… .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_31.png :align: center We’ll be using a single vanishing point for our focal point. A guide line will be there for the projection plane, and we’re setting up horizontal and vertical parallel rules to easily draw the straight lines from the view plane to where they intersect. And now the workflow in GIF format… (don’t forget you can rotate the canvas with the :kbd:`4` and :kbd:`6` keys) .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_animation_03.gif :align: center Result: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_32.png :align: center Looks pretty haughty, doesn’t he? And again, there’s technically a simpler setup here… Did you know you can use Krita to rotate in 3d? No? .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_33.png :align: center Well, now you do. The ortho graphics are being set to 45 and 135 degrees respectively. We draw horizontal lines on the originals, so that we can align vanishing point rulers to them. .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_34.png :align: center And from this, like with the shearing method, we start drawing. (Don’t forget the top-views!) Which should get you something like this: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_35.png :align: center But again, the regular method is actually a bit easier... But now you might be thinking: gee, this is a lot of work… Can’t we make it easier with the computer somehow? Uhm, yes, that’s more or less why people spent time on developing 3d graphics technology: .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_36.png :align: center .. image:: /images/category_projection/projection_image_37.png :align: center (The image above is sculpted in blender using our orthographic reference) So let us look at what this technique can be practically used for in the next part... diff --git a/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst b/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst index f00e62fa2..eda479875 100644 --- a/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst +++ b/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst @@ -1,66 +1,66 @@ .. meta:: :description: The edit menu in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Edit, Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste .. _edit_menu: ========= Edit Menu ========= .. glossary:: Undo Undoes the last action. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + Z` Redo Redoes the last undone action. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift+ Z` Cut Cuts the selection or layer. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + X` Copy Copies the selection or layer. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + C` Cut (Sharp) This prevents semi-transparent areas from appearing on your cut pixels, making them either fully opaque or fully transparent. Copy (Sharp) Same as :term:`Cut (Sharp)` but then copying instead. Copy Merged - Copies the selection over all layers. Shortcut :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + C` + Copies the selection over all layers. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + C` Paste Pastes the copied buffer into the image as a new layer. Shortcut: :kbd:`Ctrl + V` Paste at Cursor Same as :term:`paste`, but aligns the image to the cursor. Paste into new image Pastes the copied buffer into a new image. Clear Clear the current layer. Shortcut: :kbd:`Del` Fill with Foreground Color Fills the layer or selection with the foreground color. Shortcut: :kbd:`Shift + Backspace` Fill with Background Color Fills the layer or selection with the background color. Shortcut: :kbd:`Backspace` Fill with pattern Fills the layer or selection with the active pattern. Stroke Selected Shapes Strokes the selected vector shape with the selected brush, will create a new layer. Stroke Selection Strokes the active selection using the menu. diff --git a/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst b/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst index 2e19f274e..0273bcaae 100644 --- a/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst +++ b/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst @@ -1,263 +1,263 @@ .. meta:: :description: General Preferences in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic - Greig :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Preferences, Settings, Cursor, Autosave, Tabbed Documents, Subwindow Documents, Pop up palette, File Dialog, Maximum Brush Size, Kinetic Scrolling, Sessions .. _general_settings: ================ General Settings ================ You can access the General Category of the preferences by first going to :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita`. .. image:: /images/preferences/Krita_Preferences_General.png Cursor Settings --------------- Customize the drawing cursor here: Cursor Shape ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select a cursor shape to use while the brush tools are used. This cursor will always be visible on the canvas. It is usually set to a type exactly where your pen nib is at. The available cursor types are shown below. Tool Icon Shows the currently selected tool icon, even for the freehand brush. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_tool_icon.png Arrow Shows a generic cursor. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_arrow.png Crosshair Shows a precision reticule. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_crosshair.png Small circle Shows a small white dot with a black outline. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_small_circle.png No Cursor Show no cursor, useful for tablet-monitors. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_no_cursor.png Triangle Right-Handed. Gives a small white triangle with a black border. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_triangle_righthanded.png Triangle Left-Handed. Same as above but mirrored. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_triangle_lefthanded.png Black Pixel Gives a single black pixel. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_black_pixel.png White Pixel Gives a single white pixel. .. image:: /images/preferences/Settings_cursor_white_pixel.png Outline Shape ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select an outline shape to use while the brush tools are used. This cursor shape will optionally show in the middle of a painting stroke as well. The available outline shape types are shown below. (pictures will come soon) No Outline No outline. Circle Outline Gives a circular outline approximating the brush size. Preview Outline Gives an outline based on the actual shape of the brush. Tilt Outline Gives a circular outline with a tilt-indicator. While Painting... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Show Outline This option when selected will show the brush outline while a stroke is being made. If unchecked the brush outline will not appear during stroke making, it will show up only after the brush stroke is finished. This option works only when Brush Outline is selected as the Cursor Shape. .. versionchanged:: 4.1 Used to be called "Show Outline When Painting". Use effective outline size .. versionadded:: 4.1 This makes sure that the outline size will always be the maximum possible brush diameter, and not the current one as affected by sensors such as pressure. This makes the cursor a little less noisy to use. Cursor Color: The default cursor color. This is mixed with the canvas image so that it will usually have a contrasting color, but sometimes this mixing does not work. This is usually due driver problems. When that happens, you can configure a more pleasant color here. .. _window_settings: Window Settings --------------- Multiple Document Mode This can be either tabbed like :program:`GIMP` or :program:`Painttool Sai`, or subwindows, like :program:`Photoshop`. Background image Allows you to set a picture background for subwindow mode. Window Background Set the color of the subwindow canvas area. Don't show contents when moving sub-windows This gives an outline when moving windows to work around ugly glitches with certain graphics-cards. Show on-canvas popup messages Whether or not you want to see the on-canvas pop-up messages that tell you whether you are in tabbed mode, rotating the canvas, or mirroring it. Enable Hi-DPI support Attempt to use the Hi-DPI support. It is an option because we are still experiencing bugs on windows. Allow only one instance of Krita An instance is a single entry in your system's task manager. Turning this option makes sure that Krita will check if there's an instance of Krita open already when you instruct it to open new documents, and then have your documents opened in that single instance. There's some obscure uses to allowing multiple instances, but if you can't think of any, just keep this option on. .. _tool_options_settings: Tools Settings -------------- In docker (default) Gives you the tool options in a docker. In toolbar Gives you the tool options in the toolbar, next to the brush settings. You can open it with the :kbd:`\\` key. Brush Flow Mode In Krita 4.2 the behavior of flow in combination with opacity was changed. This allows you to turn it back to the 4.1 behavior. This will however be removed in future versions. Switch Control/Alt Selection Modifiers - This switches the function of the :kbd:`Ctrl` and :kbd:`Alt` keys when modifying selections. Useful for those used to Gimp instead of Photoshop, or Lefties without a :kbd:`Alt + right-click` shortcut on their keyboard. + This switches the function of the :kbd:`Ctrl` and :kbd:`Alt` keys when modifying selections. Useful for those used to Gimp instead of Photoshop, or Lefties without a right :kbd:`Alt` key on their keyboard. Enable Touchpainting This allows finger painting with capacitive screens. Some devices have both capacitive touch and a stylus, and then this can interfere. In that case, just toggle this. Activate transform tool after pasting .. versionadded:: 4.2 A convenience feature. When enabling this, the transform tool will activate after pasting for quick moving or rotating. Kinetic Scrolling (Needs Restart) This enables kinetic scrolling for scrollable areas. .. figure:: /images/preferences/Krita_4_0_kinetic_scrolling.gif :align: center Kinetic scrolling on the brush chooser drop-down with activation mode set to :guilabel:`On Click Drag`, with this disabled all of these clicks would lead to a brush being selected regardless of drag motion. Activation How it is activated. On Middle-Click Drag Will activate when using the middle mouse button. On Touch Drag Will activate if it can recognize a touch event. May not always work. On Click Drag Will activate when it can recognize a click event, will always work. Sensitivity How quickly the feature activates, this effective determines the length of the drag. Hide Scrollbar Whether to show scrollbars when doing this. .. _file_handling_settings: File Handling ------------- .. versionadded:: 4.2 Enable Autosaving Determines whether or not Krita should periodically autosave. Autosave Every Here the user can specify how often Krita should autosave the file, you can tick the checkbox to turn it off. For Windows these files are saved in the %TEMP% directory. If you are on Linux it is stored in /home/'username'. Unnamed autosave files are hidden by default This determines whether the filename of autosaves has a period prepended to the name. On Linux and Mac OS this is a technique to ensure the file is hidden by default. Create Backup File When selected Krita will, upon save, rename the original file as a backup file and save the current image to the original name. The result is that you will have saved the image, and there will be a copy of the image that is saved separately as a backup. This is useful in case of crashes during saves. Backup File Location The default location these backups should be stored. Same Folder as Original File Store the file in the same folder as the original file was stored. User Folder This is the main folder of your computer. On Linux and Mac OS this is the 'Home' folder, on Windows, the 'c:\Users\YOUR_USER_NAME' folder (where YOUR_USER_NAME is your windows username). Temporary File Folder This stored the file in the temp folder. Temp folders are special folders of which the contents are emptied when you shut down your computer. If you don't particularly care about your backup files and want them to be 'cleaned' automatically, this is the best place. If you want your backup files to be kept indefinitely, this is a wrong choice. Backup File Suffix The suffix that will be placed after the full filename. 'filename.kra' will then be saved as 'filename.kra~', ensuring the files won't show up in Krita's open file dialog. Number of Backup Files Kept Number of backup files Krita keeps, by default this is only one, but this can be up to 99. Krita will then number the backup files. Compress \*.kra files more. This increases the zip compression on the saved Krita files, which makes them lighter on disk, but this takes longer to load. Use Zip64 Kra files are zip files. Zip64 allows you to use .. _misc_settings: Miscellaneous ------------- When Krita starts This is the option for handling user sessions. It has the following options: Open Default Window This opens the regular empty window with the last used workspace. Load Previous Session Load the last opened session. If you have :guilabel:`Save session when Krita closes` toggled, this becomes the last files you had open and the like. Show Session Manager Show the session manager directly so you can pick a session. .. versionadded:: 4.1 Save session when Krita closes Save the current open windows, documents and the like into the current session when closing Krita so you can resume where you left off. .. versionadded:: 4.1 Upon importing Images as Layers, convert to the image color space. This makes sure that layers are the same color space as the image, necessary for saving to PSD. Undo Stack Size This is the number of undo commands Krita remembers. You can set the value to 0 for unlimited undos. Favorite Presets This determines the amount of presets that can be used in the pop-up palette. Hide splash screen on startup. This'll hide the splash screen automatically once Krita is fully loaded. .. deprecated:: 4.1 Deprecated because Krita now has a welcome widget when no canvas is open. Enable Native File Dialog This allows you to use the system file dialog. By default turned off because we cannot seem to get native file dialogues 100% bugfree. Maximum brush size This allows you to set the maximum brush size to a size of up to 10.000 pixels. Do be careful with using this, as a 10.000 pixel size can very quickly be a full gigabyte of data being manipulated, per dab. In other words, this might be slow. Recalculate animation cache in background. Krita will recalculate the cache when you're not doing anything. .. versionchanged:: 4.1 This is now in the :ref:`performance_settings` under :guilabel:`Animation Cache`. diff --git a/tutorials/eye_tracker.rst b/tutorials/eye_tracker.rst index 4050d30c0..f0f5f9796 100644 --- a/tutorials/eye_tracker.rst +++ b/tutorials/eye_tracker.rst @@ -1,203 +1,203 @@ .. meta:: :description: Setting up Krita to use with an eye tracker. :authors: - H. Turgut Uyar :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Eye Tracker, User Interface, Accessibility, Physical Disability .. _label_name: eye_tracker ==================================================== An Example Setup for Using Krita with an Eye Tracker ==================================================== .. attention:: This is not a reference document. It is based on the experiences of only one user. The information might not be as applicable when using different eye tracker devices or different control software. Eye tracker devices are becoming more affordable and they are finding their way into more computer setups. Although these devices are used by various types of users, we will mainly focus on users who have physical disabilities and can only use their eyes to interact with the computer. If you don't already have experience with such a case, here are a few things you'll need to know before you start: - The eye tracker needs to be properly calibrated such that the pointer will be very close to the point where the user is looking at. This might be difficult to achieve, especially if the positioning of the eye tracker with respect to the user can not be fixed between different sessions. - The lack of accuracy in control makes it nearly impossible to hit small areas on the screen such as small buttons or menu items. Corners and edges of the screen might be difficult to reach too. You also don't want to put interface elements close to one another since it increases the chances of selecting the wrong element accidentally. - Mouse operations like single click, double click, right click, drag and drop, etc. all demand extra effort in the form of switching modes in the program that controls the device. You will want to keep these switches to a minimum so that the work will not be interrupted frequently. - Switching the mode doesn't automatically start the operation. You need an extra action for that. In our case, this action is "dwelling". For example, to start a program, you switch to the left double click mode and then dwell on the icon for the application to activate the double click. Adjusting the dwell time is an important tradeoff: shorter dwell times allow for faster work but are also more error-prone. Requirements ------------ -Besides the `obvious` requirement of having an eye tracker device, you will +Besides the *obvious* requirement of having an eye tracker device, you will also need a control program that will let you interact with the device. When you obtain the device, such a program will most probably be provided to you but that program might not be sufficient for using the device with Krita. One of the basic functionalities of these programs is to emulate mouse clicks. In our case, the program provides a hovering menu which includes large buttons for switching modes between left/right mouse buttons and single/double clicks. After selecting the mode, the hovering menu can be collapsed so that it will leave more screen space for the application. In order to make them easier to configure and use, some programs include only basic modes like single clicks. This is sufficient for many popular applications like e-mail agents and browsers, but for Krita you need the drag and drop mode to be able to draw. If the provided control software doesn't support this mode (usually called "mouse emulation"), you can contact the manufacturer of the device for assistance, or look for open source options. Starting Krita -------------- Basically, setting the control program to left double click mode and dwelling on the Krita icon on the desktop would be enough to start up Krita but there are some issues with this: - On startup, Krita asks you to choose a template. It's likely that you don't want to go through this setting every time and just want to start with a blank template. - Later, saving the document will require interacting with the file save dialog which is not very friendly for this type of use. A workaround for these issues could be creating and saving a blank template and running a script that will copy this template under a new name and send it to Krita. Here's an example script for Windows which uses a timestamp suffix to make sure that each file will have a different name (replace USERNAME with the actual user name):: @echo off for /f "tokens=2 delims==" %%a in ('wmic OS Get localdatetime /value') do set "dt=%%a" set "YY=%dt:~2,2%" & set "YYYY=%dt:~0,4%" & set "MM=%dt:~4,2%" & set "DD=%dt:~6,2%" set "HH=%dt:~8,2%" & set "Min=%dt:~10,2%" & set "Sec=%dt:~12,2%" set "datestamp=%YYYY%%MM%%DD%" & set "timestamp=%HH%%Min%%Sec%" set "fullstamp=%YYYY%-%MM%-%DD%_%HH%-%Min%-%Sec%" set filename=USERNAME_%fullstamp%.kra copy "C:\Users\USERNAME\Pictures\blank.kra" "%filename%" start "C:\Program Files\Krita (x64)\bin\krita.exe" "%filename%" Double clicking on this script will create a new Krita file in the same folder as the script file. Since the file already has a name, the file save dialog will be avoided. Combined with autosaving, this can be an efficient way to save your work. .. tip:: Storing these files directly on a cloud storage service will be even safer. You might also deal with some timing issues when starting Krita: - After the icon for Krita or for the script is double clicked and Krita starts loading, lingering on the icon will start a second instance. - Similarly, after double clicking, if another window is accidentally brought to the foreground, Krita might start up partially visible behind that window. To prevent these problems, it will help if the users train themselves to look at some harmless spot (like an empty space on the desktop) until Krita is loaded. Layout ------ Since the interface elements need to be large, you have to use the screen area economically. Running in full-screen mode and getting rid of unused menus and toolbars are the first steps that you can take. Here's the screenshot of our layout: .. image:: /images/eyetracker_layout_screenshot.png :width: 800 :align: center :alt: Screenshot of Krita when used with an eye tracker. You will want to put everything you need somewhere you can easily access. For our drawings, the essential items are brushes and colors. So we've decided to place permanent dockers for these. Krita features many brushes but the docker has to contain a limited number of those so that the brush icons can be large enough. We recommend that you create :ref:`a custom brush preset to your own liking `. There are various tools for selecting color but most of them are not easily usable since they require quite a high level of mouse control. The Python Palette Docker is the simplest to use where you select from a set of predefined colors, similar to brush presets. Again, similarly to brush selection, it will help to create a :ref:`custom set of favorite colors `. Once you are happy with your layout, another feature that will help you is to lock the dockers. It's possible to accidentally close or move dockers. For example, in drag and drop mode you can accidentally grab a docker and drag it across the screen. To prevent this, put the following setting in the :file:`kritarc` file:: LockAllDockerPanels=true (Check the :ref:`KritaFAQ` for how to find the configuration kritarc file on your system.) If you're using a hovering mouse control menu like we do, you also have to figure out where to place it when it's collapsed. Put it somewhere where it will be easily accessible but where it will not interfere with Krita. On the screenshot you can see it at the left edge of the screen. Summary ------- In summary, we work as explained below. To start Krita: #. On the desktop, pull up the hovering mouse menu and select left double click mode. #. Double click on the new drawing creation script. Look away at some harmless spot until Krita loads. Drawing with Krita: #. Switch to left single click mode. #. Select a brush and/or color using the dockers. #. Switch to drag and drop mode. You're ready to draw. #. Go to the point where you want to start a stroke and dwell until dragging starts (this emulates pressing and holding your finger on the mouse button). #. Draw. #. When you want to finish the current stroke, dwell at the ending point until you get out of dragging (this emulates lifting your finger from the mouse button). #. Repeat the whole process. Finishing: #. Switch to left single click mode. #. Click on the button for closing the window. #. When warned about unsaved changes, click the button for saving the file. diff --git a/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst b/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst index 30ee58d06..3c457d0fc 100644 --- a/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst +++ b/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst @@ -1,142 +1,142 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Tutorial for making azalea with the help of transform masks .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks: ============================================== Making An Azalea With The Transformation Masks ============================================== .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Krita-screencast-azaleas.png :alt: making azalea with transform masks .. note:: This page was ported from the original post on the main page Okay, so I’ve wanted to do a tutorial for transform masks for a while now, and this is sorta ending up to be a flower-drawing tutorial. Do note that this tutorial requires you to use **Krita 2.9.4 at MINIMUM**. It has a certain speed-up that allows you to work with transform masks reliably! I like drawing flowers because they are a bit of an unappreciated subject, yet allow for a lot of practice in terms of rendering. Also, you can explore cool tricks in Krita with them. Today’s flower is the Azalea flower. These flowers are usually pink to red and appear in clusters, the clusters allow me to exercise with transform masks! I got an image from Wikipedia for reference, mostly because it’s public domain, and as an artist I find it important to respect other artists. You can copy it and, if you already have a canvas, :menuselection:`Edit --> Paste into New Image` or :menuselection:`New --> Create from Clipboard`. Then, if you didn’t have a new canvas make one. I made an A5 300dpi canvas. This is not very big, but we’re only practicing. I also have the background color set to a yellow-grayish color (#CAC5B3), partly because it reminds me of paper, and partly because bright screen white can strain the eyes and make it difficult to focus on values and colors while painting. Also, due to the lack of strain on the eyes, you’ll find yourself soothed a bit. Other artists use #c0c0c0, or even more different values. So, if you go to :menuselection:`Window --> Tile`, you will find that now your reference image and your working canvas are side by side. The reason I am using this instead of the docker is because I am lazy and don’t feel like saving the wikipedia image. We’re not going to touch the image much. Let’s get to drawing! --------------------- .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_01_trunk-.png :alt: starting with the trunk and reference image First we make a bunch of branches. I picked a slightly darker color here than usual, because I know that I’ll be painting over these branches with the lighter colors later on. Look at the reference how branches are formed. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_02_drawing-flowers.png :alt: making the outline of the flowers Then we make an approximation of a single flower on a layer. We make a few of these, all on separate layers. We also do not color pick the red, but we guess at it. This is good practice, so we can learn to analyze a color as well as how to use our color selector. If we’d only pick colors, it would be difficult to understand the relationship between them, so it’s best to attempt matching them by eye. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_03_filling-flowers.png :alt: coloring the details and filling the flowers I chose to make the flower shape opaque quickly by using the *behind* blending mode. This’ll mean Krita is painting the new pixels behind the old ones. Very useful for quickly filling up shapes, just don’t forget to go back to *normal* once you’re done. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_04_finished-setup.png :alt: finished setup for making azalea -Now, we’ll put the flowers in the upper left corner, and group them. You can group by making a group layer, and selecting the flower layers in your docker with the :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mouseleft| shortcut and dragging them into the group. The reason why we’re putting them in the upper left corner is because we’ll be selecting them a lot, and Krita allows you to select layers with the kbd:`R +` |mouseleft| shortcut on the canvas quickly. Just hold the :kbd:`R` key and |mouseleft| the pixels belonging to the layer you want, and Krita will select the layer in the layer docker. +Now, we’ll put the flowers in the upper left corner, and group them. You can group by making a group layer, and selecting the flower layers in your docker with the :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mouseleft| shortcut and dragging them into the group. The reason why we’re putting them in the upper left corner is because we’ll be selecting them a lot, and Krita allows you to select layers with the :kbd:`R +` |mouseleft| shortcut on the canvas quickly. Just hold the :kbd:`R` key and |mouseleft| the pixels belonging to the layer you want, and Krita will select the layer in the Layer docker. Clone Layers ------------ Now, we will make clusters. What we’ll be doing is that we select a given flower and then make a new clone layer. A clone layer is a layer that is literally a clone of the original. They can’t be edited themselves, but edit the original and the clone layer will follow suit. Clone Layers, and File layers, are our greatest friends when it comes to transform masks, and you’ll see why in a moment. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_05_clonelayer.png :alt: create clone layers of the flowers You’ll quickly notice that our flowers are not good enough for a cluster: we need far more angles on the profile for example. If only there was a way to transform them… but we can’t do that with clone layers. Or can we? Enter Transform Masks! ---------------------- Transform Masks are a really powerful feature introduced in 2.9. They are in fact so powerful, that when you first use them, you can’t even begin to grasp where to use them. Transform masks allow us to do a transform operation onto a layer, any given layer, and have it be completely dynamic! This includes our clone layer flowers! How to use them: |mouseright| the layer you want to do the transform on, and add a **Transform mask.** A transform mask should now have been added. You can recognize them by the little ‘scissor’ icon. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_06_transformmask.png :alt: adding transform masks to the cloned layers Now, with the transform mask selected, select the |tooltransform|, and rotate our clone layer. Apply the transform. You know you’re successful when you can hide the transform mask, and the layer goes back to its original state! You can even go and edit your transform! Just activate the |tooltransform| again while on a transform mask, and you will see the original transform so you can edit it. If you go to a different transform operation however, you will reset the transform completely, so watch out. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_07_clusters.png :alt: adding more clusters We’ll be only using affine transformations in this tutorial (which are the regular and perspective transform), but this can also be done with warp, cage and liquify, which’ll have a bit of a delay (3 seconds to be precise). This is to prevent your computer from being over-occupied with these more complex transforms, so you can keep on painting. We continue on making our clusters till we have a nice arrangement. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_08_leaves.png :alt: making leaves Now do the same thing for the leaves. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_09_paintingoriginals.png :alt: painting originals Now, if you select the original paint layers and draw on them, you can see that all clone masks are immediately updated! Above you can see there’s been a new view added so we can focus on painting the flower and at the same time see how it’ll look. You can make a new view by going :menuselection:`Window --> New View` and selecting the name of your current canvas (save first!). Views can be rotated and mirrored differently. Now continue painting the original flowers and leaves, and we’ll move over to adding extra shadow to make it seem more lifelike! .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_10_alphainheritance_1.png :alt: using the alpha inheritance We’re now going to use *Alpha Inheritance*. Alpha inheritance is an ill-understood concept, because a lot of programs use *clipping masks* instead, which clip the layer’s alpha using only the alpha of the first next layer. Alpha inheritance, however, uses all layers in a stack, so all the layers in the group that haven’t got alpha inheritance active themselves, or all the layers in the stack when the layer isn’t in a group. Because most people have an opaque layer at the bottom of their layer stack, alpha inheritance doesn’t seem to do much. But for us, alpha inheritance is useful, because we can use all clone-layers in a cluster (if you grouped them), transformed or not, for clipping. Just draw a light blue square over all the flowers in a given cluster. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_11_alphainheritance_2.png :alt: clipping the cluster with alpha inheritance Then press the last icon in the layer stack, the alpha-inherit button, to activate alpha-inheritance. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_12_alphainheritance_3.png :alt: activate alpha inheritance Set the layer to *multiply* then, so it’ll look like everything’s darker blue. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_13_alphainheritance_4.png :alt: multiplying the clipped shape Then, with multiply and alpha inheritance on, use an eraser to remove the areas where there should be no shadow. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_14_alphainheritance_5.png :alt: remove extra areas with the eraser For the highlights use exactly the same method, AND exactly the same color, but instead set the layer to Divide (you can find this amongst the Arithmetic blending modes). Using Divide has exactly the opposite effect as using multiply with the same color. The benefit of this is that you can easily set up a complementary harmony in your shadows and highlights using these two. .. image:: /images/making-azalea/Azelea_15_alphainheritance_6.png :alt: add shadows and highlights with alpha inheritance technique Do this with all clusters and leaves, and maybe on the whole plant (you will first need to stick it into a group layer given the background is opaque) and you’re done! Transform masks can be used on paint layers, vector layers, group layers, clone layers and even file layers. I hope this tutorial has given you a nice idea on how to use them, and hope to see much more use of the transform masks in the future! You can get the file I made `here `_ to examine it further! (Caution: It will freeze up Krita if your version is below 2.9.4. The speed-ups in 2.9.4 are due to this file.) diff --git a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst index 69c5f4cbe..bf5dbc7e0 100644 --- a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst +++ b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_sai.rst @@ -1,216 +1,216 @@ .. meta:: :description: This is a introduction to Krita for users coming from Paint Tool Sai. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - AnetK - Boudewijn Rempt :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Sai, Painttool Sai .. _introduction_from_sai: ================================================ Introduction to Krita coming from Paint Tool Sai ================================================ How do you do that in Krita? ---------------------------- This section goes over the functionalities that Krita and Paint Tool Sai share, but shows how they slightly differ. Canvas navigation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita, just like Sai, allows you to flip, rotate and duplicate the view. Unlike Sai, these are tied to keyboard keys. Mirror This is tied to :kbd:`M` key to flip. Rotate There's a couple of possibilities here: either the :kbd:`4` and :kbd:`6` keys, or the :kbd:`Ctrl + [` and :kbd:`Ctrl + ]` shortcuts for basic 15 degrees rotation left and right. But you can also have more sophisticated rotation with the :kbd:`Shift + Space + drag` or :kbd:`Shift +` |mousemiddle| :kbd:`+ drag` shortcuts. To reset the rotation, press the :kbd:`5` key. Zoom - You can use the :kbd:`+` and :kbd:`-` keys to zoom out and in, or use the :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mousemiddle| shortcut. Use 1, 2 or 3 to reset the zoom, fit the zoom to page or fit the zoom to page width. + You can use the :kbd:`+` and :kbd:`-` keys to zoom out and in, or use the :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mousemiddle| shortcut. Use the :kbd:`1`, :kbd:`2` or :kbd:`3` keys to reset the zoom, fit the zoom to page or fit the zoom to page width. You can use the Overview docker in :menuselection:`Settings --> Dockers` to quickly navigate over your image. You can also put these commands on the toolbar, so it'll feel a little like Sai. Go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Toolbars`. There are two toolbars, but we'll add to the file toolbar. Then, you can type in something in the left column to search for it. So, for example, 'undo'. Then select the action 'undo freehand stroke' and drag it to the right. Select the action to the right, and click :menuselection:`Change text`. There, toggle :menuselection:`Hide text when toolbar shows action alongside icon` to prevent the action from showing the text. Then press :guilabel:`OK`. When done right, the :guilabel:`Undo` should now be sandwiched between the save and the gradient icon. You can do the same for :guilabel:`Redo`, :guilabel:`Deselect`, :guilabel:`Invert Selection`, :guilabel:`Zoom out`, :guilabel:`Zoom in`, :guilabel:`Reset zoom`, :guilabel:`Rotate left`, :guilabel:`Rotate right`, :guilabel:`Mirror view` and perhaps :guilabel:`Smoothing: basic` and :guilabel:`Smoothing: stabilizer` to get nearly all the functionality of Sai's top bar in Krita's top bar. (Though, on smaller screens this will cause all the things in the brushes toolbar to hide inside a drop-down to the right, so you need to experiment a little). :guilabel:`Hide Selection`, :guilabel:`Reset Rotation` are currently not available via the Toolbar configuration, you'll need to use the shortcuts :kbd:`Ctrl + H` and :kbd:`5` to toggle these. .. note:: Krita 3.0 currently doesn't allow changing the text in the toolbar, we're working on it. Right click color picker ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can actually set this in :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Canvas input settings --> Alternate invocation`. Just double-click the entry that says :kbd:`Ctrl +` |mouseleft| shortcut before :guilabel:`Pick foreground color from image` to get a window to set it to |mouseright|. .. note:: Krita 3.0 actually has a Paint-tool Sai-compatible input sheet shipped by default. Combine these with the shortcut sheet for Paint tool Sai to get most of the functionality on familiar hotkeys. Stabilizer ~~~~~~~~~~ This is in the tool options docker of the freehand brush. Use Basic Smoothing for more advanced tablets, and Stabilizer is much like Paint Tool Sai's. Just turn off :guilabel:`Delay` so that the dead-zone disappears. Transparency ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ So one of the things that throw a lot of Paint Tool Sai users off is that Krita uses checkers to display transparency, which is actually not that uncommon. Still, if you want to have the canvas background to be white, this is possible. Just choose :guilabel:`Background: As Canvas Color` in the new image dialogue and the image background will be white. You can turn it back to transparent via :menuselection:`Image --> Change image background color`. If you export a PNG or JPG, make sure to uncheck :guilabel:`Save transparency` and to make the background color white (it's black by default). .. image:: /images/filters/Krita-color-to-alpha.png :align: center Like Sai, you can quickly turn a black and white image to black and transparent with the :menuselection:`Color to Alpha Filter` under :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to Alpha`. Brush Settings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Another, somewhat amusing misconception is that Krita's brush engine is not very complex. After all, you can only change the Size, Flow and Opacity from the top bar. This is not quite true. It's rather that we don't have our brush settings in a docker but a drop-down on the toolbar. The easiest way to access this is with the :kbd:`F5` key. As you can see, it's actually quite complex. We have more than a dozen brush engines, which are a type of brush you can make. The ones you are used to from Paint Tool Sai are the Pixel Brush (ink), The Color Smudge Brush (brush) and the filter brush (dodge, burn). A simple inking brush recipe for example is to take a pixel brush, uncheck the :guilabel:`Enable Pen Settings` on opacity and flow, and uncheck everything but size from the option list. Then, go into brush-tip, pick :ref:`auto_brush_tip` from the tabs, and set the size to 25 (right-click a blue bar if you want to input numbers), turn on anti-aliasing under the brush icon, and set fade to 0.9. Then, as a final touch, set spacing to 'auto' and the spacing number to 0.8. You can configure the brushes in a lot of detail, and share the packs with others. Importing of packs and brushes can be done via the :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources`, where you can import .bundle files or .kpp files. Erasing ~~~~~~~ Erasing is a blending mode in Krita, much like the transparency mode of Paint Tool Sai. It's activated with the :kbd:`E` key or you can select it from the Blending Mode drop-down... Blending Modes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita has a lot of Blending modes, and thankfully all of Paint Tool Sai's are amongst them except binary. To manage the blending modes, each of them has a little check-box that you can tick to add them to the favorites. Multiple, Screen, Overlay and Normal are amongst the favorites. Krita's Luminosity is actually slightly different from Paint Tool Sai's and it replaces the relative brightness of color with the relative brightness of the color of the layer. Sai's Luminosity mode is actually the same as Krita's *Addition* or *linear dodge* mode. The Shade mode is the same as *Color Burn* and *Hard Mix* is the same as the lumi and shade mode. Layers ~~~~~~ Lock Alpha This is the checker box icon next to every layer. Clipping group For Clipping masks in Krita you'll need to put all your images in a single layer, and then press the 'a' icon, or press the :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + G` shortcut. Ink layer This is a vector layer in Krita, and also holds the text. Masks These grayscale layers that allow you to affect the transparency are called transparency masks in Krita, and like Paint Tool Sai, they can be applied to groups as well as layers. If you have a selection and make a transparency mask, it will use the selection as a base. Clearing a layer This is under :menuselection:`Edit --> Clear`, but you can also just press the :kbd:`Del` key. Mixing between two colors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you liked this docker in Paint Tool Sai, Krita's Digital Color Selector docker will be able to help you. Dragging the sliders will change how much of a color is mixed in. What do you get extra when using Krita? --------------------------------------- More brush customization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You already met the brush settings editor. Sketch brushes, grid brushes, deform brushes, clone brushes, brushes that are textures, brushes that respond to tilt, rotation, speed, brushes that draw hatches and brushes that deform the colors. Krita's variety is quite big. More color selectors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can have HSV sliders, RGB sliders, triangle in a hue ring. But you can also have HSI, HSL or HSY' sliders, CMYK sliders, palettes, round selectors, square selectors, tiny selectors, big selectors, color history and shade selectors. Just go into :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Advanced Color Selector Settings` to change the shape and type of the main big color selector. .. image:: /images/dockers/Krita_Color_Selector_Types.png :align: center You can call the color history with the :kbd:`H` key, common colors with the :kbd:`U` key and the two shade selectors with the :kbd:`Shift + N` and :kbd:`Shift + M` shortcuts. The big selector can be called with the :kbd:`Shift + I` shortcut on canvas. Geometric Tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Circles, rectangles, paths, Krita allows you to draw these easily. Multibrush, Mirror Symmetry and Wrap Around ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These tools allow you to quickly paint a mirrored image, mandala or tiled texture in no time. Useful for backgrounds and abstract vignettes. .. image:: /images/tools/Krita-multibrush.png :align: center Assistants ~~~~~~~~~~ The painting assistants can help you to set up a perspective, or a concentric circle and snap to them with the brush. .. figure:: /images/assistants/Krita_basic_assistants.png :alt: Krita's vanishing point assistants in action :width: 800 Krita's vanishing point assistants in action Locking the Layer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lock the layer with the padlock so you don't draw on it. Quick Layer select ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you hold the :kbd:`R` key and press a spot on your drawing, Krita will select the layer underneath the cursor. Really useful when dealing with a large number of layers. Color Management ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This allows you to prepare your work for print, or to do tricks with the LUT docker so you can diagnose your image better. For example, using the LUT docker to turn the colors grayscale in a separate view, so you can see the values instantly. .. image:: /images/Krita-view-dependant-lut-management.png :align: center Advanced Transform Tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Not just rotate and scale, but also cage, wrap, liquify and non-destructive transforms with the transform tool and masks. .. image:: /images/tools/Krita_transforms_recursive.png :align: center More Filters and non-destructive filter layers and masks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With filters like color balance and curves you can make easy shadow layers. In fact, with the filter layers and layer masks you can make them apply on the fly as you draw underneath. .. image:: /images/Krita_ghostlady_3.png :align: center Pop-up palette ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the little circular thing that is by default on the right click. You can organize your brushes in tags, and use those tags to fill up the pop-up palette. It also keeps a little color selector and color history, so you can switch brushes on the fly. .. image:: /images/Krita-popuppalette.png :align: center What does Krita lack compared to Paint Tool Sai? ------------------------------------------------ * Variable width vector lines * The selection source option for layers * Dynamic hard-edges for strokes (the fringe effect) * No mix-docker * No Preset-tied stabilizer * No per-preset hotkeys Conclusion ---------- I hope this introduction got you a little more excited to use Krita, if not feel a little more at home.