diff --git a/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst b/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst index 35780036f..b1e3788d2 100644 --- a/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst +++ b/tutorials/flat-coloring.rst @@ -1,258 +1,246 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Common workflows used in Krita .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _flat_coloring: ============= Flat Coloring ============= So you've got a cool black on white drawing, and now you want to color it! The thing we’ll aim for in this tutorial is to get your lineart colored in with flat colors. So no shading just yet. We’ll be going through some techniques for preparing the lineart, and we’ll be using the layer docker to put each colour on a separate layer, so we can easily access each colour when we add shading. .. note:: This tutorial is adapted from this `tutorial `_ by it's original author. Understanding Layers -------------------- -To fill lineart comfortably, it's best to take advantage of the layerstack. The layer stack is pretty awesome, and it's one of those features that make digital art super-convenient. - -In traditional art, it is not uncommon to first draw the full background before drawing the subject. Or to first draw a line art and then colour it in. Computers have a similar way of working. - -In programming, if you tell a computer to draw a red circle, and then afterwards tell it to draw a smaller yellow circle, you will see the small yellow circle overlap the red circle. Switch the commands around, and you will not see the yellow circle at all: it was drawn before the red circle and thus ‘behind’ it. - -This is referred to as the “drawing order”. So like the traditional artist, the computer will first draw the images that are behind everything, and layer the subject and foreground on top of it. The layer docker is a way for you to control the drawing order of multiple images, so for example, you can have your lineart drawn later than your colors, meaning that the lines will be drawn over the colors, making it easier to make it neat! - -Other things that a layer stack can do are blending the colors of different layers differently with blending modes, using a filter in the layer stack, or using a mask that allows you to make parts transparent. - - - To fill lineart comfortably, it's best to take advantage of the layerstack. The layer stack is pretty awesome, and it's one of those features that make digital art super-convenient. In traditional art, it is not uncommon to first draw the full background before drawing the subject. Or to first draw a line art and then colour it in. Computers have a similar way of working. In programming, if you tell a computer to draw a red circle, and then afterwards tell it to draw a smaller yellow circle, you will see the small yellow circle overlap the red circle. Switch the commands around, and you will not see the yellow circle at all: it was drawn before the red circle and thus ‘behind’ it. This is referred to as the “drawing order”. So like the traditional artist, the computer will first draw the images that are behind everything, and layer the subject and foreground on top of it. The layer docker is a way for you to control the drawing order of multiple images, so for example, you can have your lineart drawn later than your colors, meaning that the lines will be drawn over the colors, making it easier to make it neat! Other things that a layer stack can do are blending the colors of different layers differently with blending modes, using a filter in the layer stack, or using a mask that allows you to make parts transparent. .. tip:: Programmers talk about transparency as ''Alpha'', which is because the 'a' symbol is used to present transparency in the algorithms for painting one color on top of another. Usually when you see the word ''Alpha'' in a graphics program, just think of it as affecting the transparency. Preparing your line-art ----------------------- Put the new layer underneath the layer containing the lineart(drag and drop or use the up/down arrows for that), and draw on it. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart14.png :alt: layer structure for flatting in krita …And notice nothing happening. This is because the white isn’t transparent. You wouldn’t really want it to either, how else would you make convincing highlights? So what we first need to do to colour in our drawing is prepare our lineart. There’s several methods of doing so, each with varying qualities. The Multiply Blending Mode -------------------------- So, typically, to get a black and white lineart usable for colouring, you can set the blending mode of the lineart layer to Multiply. You do this by selecting the layer and going to the drop down that says **Normal** and setting that to **Multiply**. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart1.png :alt: blend mode setup of lineart flat coloring And then you should be able to see your colors! Multiply is not a perfect solution however. For example, if through some image editing magic I make the lineart blue, it results into this: .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart2.png :alt: effects of multiply blend mode This is because multiply literally multiplies the colors. So it uses maths! What it first does is take the values of the RGB channels, then divides them by the max(because we're in 8bit, this is 255), a process we call normalising. Then it multiplies the normalised values. Finally, it takes the result and multiplies it with 255 again to get the result values. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 * - - Pink - Pink(normalised) - Blue - Blue(normalised) - Normalised, multiplied - Result * - Red - 222 - 0.8705 - 92 - 0.3607 - 0.3139 - 80 * - Green - 144 - 0.5647 - 176 - 0.6902 - 0.3897 - 99 * - Blue - 123 - 0.4823 - 215 - 0.8431 - 0.4066 - 103 This isn't completely undesirable, and a lot of artists use this effect to add a little richness to their colors. Advantages """""""""" Easy, can work to your benefit even with coloured lines by softening the look of the lines while keeping nice contrast. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Not actually transparent. Is a little funny with coloured lines. Fill Tool --------- .. image:: /images/icons/fill_tool.svg :alt: fill-tool icon In most cases the fill-tool can’t deal with the anti-aliasing(the soft edge in your lineart to make it more smooth when zoomed out) In Krita you have the grow-shrink option. Setting that to say… 2 expands the colour two pixels. Threshold decides when the fill-tool should consider a different colour pixel to be a border. And the feathering adds a extra soft border to the fill. Now, if you click on a gapless-part of the image with your preferred colour…(Remember to set the opacity to 1.0!) Depending on your lineart, you can do flats pretty quickly. But setting the threshold low can result in little artifacts around where lines meet: .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart7.png :alt: colors filled with fill tool However, setting the threshold high can end with the fill not recognising some of the lighter lines. Besides these little artifacts can be removed with the brush easily. Advantages """""""""" Pretty darn quick depending on the available settings. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Again, not great with gaps or details. And it works best with aliased line-art. Selections ---------- Selections work using the selection tools. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart15.png :alt: selecting with selection tools for filling color For example with the :ref:`bezier_curve_selection_tool` you can easily select a curved area, and the with :kbd:`Shift` + |mouseleft| (not |mouseleft| + :kbd:`Shift`, there's a difference!) you can easily add to an existing selection. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart16.png :alt: selection mask in Krita You can also edit the selection if you have :menuselection:`Select --> Show Global Selection Mask` turned on. Then you can select the global selection mask, and paint on it. (Above with the alternative selection mode, activated in the lower-left corner of the stats bar) When done, select the color you want to fill it with and press :kbd:`shift` + `backspace`. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart17.png :alt: filling color in selection You can save selections in selection masks by |mouseright| a layer, and then going to :menuselection:`Add --> Local Selection`. You first need to deactivate a selection by pressing the circle before adding a new selection. This can serve as an alternative way to split out different parts of the image, which is good for more painterly pieces: .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart18.png :alt: result of coloring made with the help of selection tools Advantages """""""""" A bit more precise than filling. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Previewing your color isn't as easy. Geometric tools --------------- So you have a tool for making rectangles or circles. And in the case of Krita, a tool for bezier curves. Select the path tool (|path tool|), and set the tool options to fill=foreground and outline=none. Make sure that your opacity is set to 1.00(fully opaque). .. |path tool| image:: /images/icons/bezier_curve.svg By clicking and holding, you can influence how curvy a line draw with the path tool is going to be. Letting go of the mouse button confirms the action, and then you’re free to draw the next point. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart8.png :alt: filling color in lineart using path tool You can also erase with a geometric tool. Just press :kbd:`E` or the eraser button. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart9.png :alt: erasing with path tool Advantages """""""""" Quicker than using the brush or selections. Also decent with lineart that contains gaps. Disadvantages """"""""""""" Fiddly details aren’t easy to fill in with this. So I recommend skipping those and filling them in later with a brush. Colorize Mask ------------- So, this is a bit of an odd one. In the original tutorial, you'll see I'm suggesting using G'Mic, but that was a few years ago, and g'mic is a little unstable on windows. Therefore, the Krita developers have been attempting to make an internal tool doing the same. It is disabled in 3.1, but if you use 4.0 or later, it is in the toolbox. Check the Colorize Mask for more information. So it works like this: 1. Select the colorize mask tool. 2. Tick the layer you're using. 3. Paint the colors your want to use on the colorize mask 4. Click update to see the results: .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart10.png :alt: coloring with colorise mask When you are satisfied, |mouseright| the colorize mask, and go to :menuselection:`Convert --> Paint Layer`. This will turn the colorize mask to a generic paint layer. Then, you can fix the last issues by aking the lineart semi-transparent and painting the flaws away with a pixel art brush. .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart11.png :alt: result from the colorise mask Then, when you are done, split the layers via :menuselection:`Layers --> Split --> Split Layer`. There's a few options you can choose, but the following should be fine: .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart12.png :alt: slitting colors into islands Finally, press **Ok** and you should get the following. Each color patch it on a different layer, named by the palette in the menu and alpha locked, so you can start painting right away! .. image:: /images/en/flat-coloring/Krita_filling_lineart13.png :alt: resulting color islands from split layers Advantages """""""""" Works with anti aliased lineart. Really quick to get the base work done. Can auto-close gaps. Disadvantages """"""""""""" No anti aliasing of it’s own. You have to choose between getting details right or the gaps auto-closed. Conclusion ---------- I hope this has given you a good idea of how to fill in flats using the various techniques, as well as getting a hand of different Krita features. Remember that a good flat filled lineart is better than a badly shaded one, so keep practising to get the best out of these techniques! diff --git a/user_manual/getting_started/installation.rst b/user_manual/getting_started/installation.rst index 6cf978df9..7ebc8e7f7 100644 --- a/user_manual/getting_started/installation.rst +++ b/user_manual/getting_started/installation.rst @@ -1,176 +1,175 @@ .. meta:: :description: Detailed steps on how to install Krita .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Scott Petrovic - Boudewijn Rempt - Dmitry Kazakov :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Installation .. _installation: Installation ============ Windows ------- Windows users can download the latest releases from our `website. `_ Click on 64bit or 32bit according to the architecture of your OS. Go to the `KDE `__ download directory to get the portable zip-file version of Krita instead of the setup.exe installer. .. warning:: Krita requires Windows Vista or newer. INTEL GRAPHICS CARD USERS: IF YOU SEE A BLACK OR BLANK WINDOW: UPDATE YOUR DRIVERS! Linux ----- Many Linux distributions package the latest version of Krita. Sometimes you will have to enable an extra repository. Krita runs fine under on desktop: KDE, Gnome, LXDE -- even though it is a KDE SC application and needs the KDE libraries. You might also want to install the KDE system settings module and tweak the gui theme and fonts used, depending on your distributions Nautilus/Nemo file extensions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Put here at the beginning, before we start on the many distro specific ways to get the program itself. Since April 2016, KDE's Dolphin will show kra and ora thumbnails by default, but Nautilus and it's derivatives will need an extension. `We recommend Moritz Molch's extensions for XCF, KRA, ORA and PSD thumbnails `__. Appimages ~~~~~~~~~ For Krita 3.0 and later, first try out the appimage from the website first. **90% of the time this is by far the easiest way to get the latest Krita.** Just download the appimage, and then use the file properties or the bash command chmod to make the appimage executable. Double click it, and enjoy Krita. (Or run it in the terminal with ./appimagename.appimage) :: # open this terminal into the folder you have the appimage # make it executable'' chmod a+x krita-3.0-x86_64.appimage # run Krita! ./krita-3.0-x86_64.appimage Appimages are ISOs with all the necessary libraries inside, meaning no fiddling with repositories and dependencies, at the cost of a slight bit more diskspace taken up(And this size would only be bigger if you were using Plasma to begin with). Ubuntu and Kubuntu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ It does not matter which version of Ubuntu you use, Krita will run just fine. However, by default, only a very old version of Krita is available. You should either use the appimage, or the snap available from Ubuntu's app store. OpenSUSE ~~~~~~~~ The latest stable builds are available from KDE:Extra repo: - http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/KDE:/Extra/ .. note:: Krita is also in the official repos, you can install it from Yast. Fedora ~~~~~~ -Krita is in the official repos as **calligra-krita**, you can install -it by using packagekit (Add/Remove Software) or by writing the following command in terminal. +Krita is in the official repos as **calligra-krita**, you can install it by using packagekit (Add/Remove Software) or by writing the following command in terminal. ``dnf install krita`` You can also use the software center such as gnome software center or Discover to install Krita Debian ~~~~~~ The latest version of Krita available in Debian is 3.1.1. To install Krita type the following line in terminal ``apt install krita`` Arch ~~~~ Arch Linux provides krita package in the Extra repository. You can install Krita by using the following command ``pacman -S krita`` You can install the most recent build of Krita using an aur helper such as aurman. For example ``aurman -S krita-beta`` OS X ---- .. warning:: Mac OSX is very experimental right now and unstable, don't use it for production purpose You can download the latest binary if you want from our `website `__. It has only been reported to work with Mac OSX 10.9. Source ------ While it is certainly more difficult to compile Krita from source than it is to install from prebuilt packages, there are certain advantages that might make the effort worth it: - You can follow the development of Krita on the foot. If you compile Krita regularly from the development repository, you will be able to play withall the new features that the developers are working on. - You can compile optimized for your processor. Most pre-built packages are built for the lowest-common denominator. - You will be getting all the bug fixes as soon as possible as well. - You can help the developers by giving us your feedback on features as they are being developed and you can test bug fixes for us. This is hugely important, which is why our regular testers get their name in the about box just like developers. Of course, there are also disadvantages: when building from the current development source repository you also get all the unfinished features. It might mean less stability for a while, or things shown in the user interface that don't work. But in practice, there is seldom really bad instability, and if it is, it's easy for you to go back to a revision that does work. So... If you want to start compiling from source, begin with the latest build instructions from the excellent illustrated `guide `__ by David Revoy. There is more information and troubleshooting help on the `Calligra `__ wiki: If you encounter any problems, or if you are new to compiling software, don't hesitate to contact the Krita developers. There are three main communication channels: - irc: irc.freenode.net, channel #krita - `mailing list `__ - `forums `__