diff --git a/KritaFAQ.rst b/KritaFAQ.rst index 0f3a3467f..83fc62862 100644 --- a/KritaFAQ.rst +++ b/KritaFAQ.rst @@ -1,488 +1,488 @@ .. .. meta:: :description: Frequently asked Krita Questions. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Scott Petrovic - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Boudewijn Rempt - Alvin Wong - Dmitry Kazakov - Timothée Giet - Tokiedian - Nmaghfurusman - RJ Quiralta - Tyson Tan :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: FAQ, Frequently Asked Questions .. _faq: .. _KritaFAQ: ######### Krita FAQ ######### This page contains common problems people have with Krita. Note that we assume that you are using the latest version of Krita. Please verify that to make sure. .. contents:: General ======= General questions What is Krita? -------------- This is our vision for the development of Krita: Krita is a free and open source cross-platform application that offers an end-to-end solution for creating digital art files from scratch. Krita is optimized for frequent, prolonged and focused use. Explicitly supported fields of painting are illustrations, concept art, matte painting, textures, comics and animations. Developed together with users, Krita is an application that supports their actual needs and workflow. Krita supports open standards and interoperates with other applications. Is it possible to use Krita in my own language, not English? ------------------------------------------------------------ Krita should automatically use the system language. If that is not the case, please follow these steps: #. Settings --> Switch Application Language. A small window will appear. #. Click Primary language and select your language. #. Click OK to close the window. #. Restart krita and it will be displayed in your selected language! If this doesn't work, you might have to add a fall-back language as well. This is a bug, but we haven't found the solution yet. Does Krita have layer clip or clipping mask? -------------------------------------------- Krita has no clipping mask, but it has a clipping feature called inherit alpha. Let's see :ref:`this page ` and learn how to do clipping in Krita! Windows: OBS can't record the Krita OpenGL canvas ------------------------------------------------- The possible workarounds for this is to do either of the following: #. Turn off OpenGL in Settings --> Configure Krita --> Display. #. Or don't use the hardware accelerated mode (game recording mode) in OBS, thus capturing the whole desktop instead of attempting to capture only Krita. You might also be able to work around the problem by using the ANGLE renderer instead of native OpenGL. Where are the configuration files stored? ----------------------------------------- These are stored at the following places for the following operating systems: Linux :file:`$HOME/.config/kritarc` Windows :file:`%APPDATA%\\Local\\kritarc` MacOS X :file:`$HOME/Library/Preferences/kritarc` The kritarc file is the configuration file. Krita does not store settings in the Windows registry. Resetting Krita configuration ----------------------------- You can reset the Krita configuration in following way: - For Krita 3.0 and later: Delete/rename the kritarc file, found here: Linux :file:`$HOME/.config/kritarc` Windows :file:`%LOCALAPPDATA%\\kritarc` MacOS X :file:`$HOME/Library/Preferences/kritarc` There can be two other files you might want to remove: kritaopenglrc and kritadisplayrc. If the configuration was causing a crash, don't delete the mentioned file, but instead rename and send it to us in order for us to figure what caused the crash. .. If you have installed Krita through the Windows store, the kritarc file will be in another location :file:`%LOCALAPPDATA%\\Packages\\49800Krita_{RANDOM STRING}\\LocalCache\\Local\\kritarc` The random string depends on your installation/ Windows users have a habit of uninstalling and reinstalling applications to solve problems. Unless the problem is that the installation was corrupted by a virus scanner or drive failure, that will NOT work. Uninstalling Krita then reinstalling replaces the bytes on your drive with exactly the same bytes that were there before. It doesn't reset anything, least of all Krita's settings. Where are my resources stored? ------------------------------ Linux :file:`$HOME/.local/share/krita/` Windows :file:`%APPDATA%\\krita\\` Mac OS X :file:`~/Library/Application Support/Krita/` If you installed Krita in the Windows Store, your custom resources will be in a location like: :file:`%LOCALAPPDATA%\\Packages\\49800Krita_{RANDOM STRING}\\LocalCache\Roaming\krita` Krita tells me it can't find some files and then closes, what should I do? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Causes for this could be the following: - It might be that your download got corrupted and is missing files (common with bad wifi and bad internet connection in general), in that case, try to find a better internet connection before trying to download again. Krita should be around 80 to 100 mb in size when downloading. - It might be that something went wrong during installation. Check whether your harddrive is full and reinstall Krita with at least 120 MB of empty space. If not, and the problem still occurs, there might be something odd going on with your device and it's recommended to find a computer expert to diagnose what is the problem. - Some unzippers don't unpack our zipfiles correctly. The native ones on windows, OSX and most linux distributions should be just fine, and we recommend using them. - You manually, using a file manager deleted or moved resources around, and thus Krita cannot find them anymore. What Graphics Cards does Krita support? --------------------------------------- Krita can use OpenGL to accelerate painting and canvas zooming, rotation and panning. Nvidia and recent Intel GPUs give the best results. Make sure your OpenGL drivers support OpenGL 3.2 as the minimum. AMD/ATI GPU’s are known to be troublesome, especially with the proprietary drivers on Linux. However, it works perfectly with the Radeon free driver on linux for supported AMD GPU. Try to get a graphics card that can support OpenGL 3.2 or above for the best results, some examples: .. Following graphics cards have been suggested by Tyson Tan on the basis that they all support 3.2 Intel Intel 3rd Generation HD Graphics, IvyBridge or Bay-Trail microarchitecture, released in 2012. Commonly available products: Celeron J1x00, N2x00, Celeron (G)1xx0, Pentium J2x00, N3500, Pentium (G)2xx0, Core i3/5/7-3xx0. AMD/ATI Radeon HD 2000 family, TeraScale 1 microarchitecture, Released in 2007. Commonly available products: Radeon HD 2400 PRO, Radeon HD 2600 PRO, etc. Nvidia GeForce 8 family, Tesla microarchitecture, released in 2006. Commonly available products: GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 8800 GTS, 9800 GTX, GTS 250, etc. *For Krita 3.3 or later:* Krita on Windows can use Direct3D 11 for graphics acceleration (through ANGLE). This is enabled automatically on systems with an Intel GPU. I can't edit text from PSD files created by Photoshop ----------------------------------------------------- There is no text support for psd file yet. The text will appear rasterized and converted into a paint layer. How much memory does my image take? ----------------------------------- For simple images, its easy to calculate: you multiply width \* height \* channels \* size of the channels (so, for a 1000×1000 16 bit integer rgba image: 1000 x 1000 x 4 x 2). You multiply this by the number of layers plus two (one for the image, one for the display). If you add masks, filter layers or clone layers, it gets more complicated. Why do I get a checkerboard pattern when I use the eraser? ---------------------------------------------------------- You’re probably used to Gimp or Photoshop. The default background or first layer in these applications doesn’t have an alpha channel by default. Thus, on their background layer, the eraser paints in the background color. In Krita, all layers have an alpha channel, if you want to paint in the background color, you should simply do it in a layer above the first one (Layer 1), that would prevent you from erasing the white background color, making the checkerboard visible. You get the same effect in, say, gimp, if you create new image, add an alpha channel and then use the eraser tool. Most Krita users will actually start a sketch in Krita by adding a new blank layer first before doing anything else. (the INSert key is a useful shortcut here). That doesn’t use extra memory, since a blank layer or a layer with a default color just takes one pixel worth of memory. Windows: Can I use Krita with Sandboxie? ---------------------------------------- No, this is not recommended. Sandboxie causes stuttering and freezes due to the way it intercepts calls for resources on disk. Windows: Krita cannot save -------------------------- If the message is "File not found. Check the file name and try again.", you probably have Controlled Folder Access enabled. -- Select Start > Settings . -- Choose Update & security > Windows Defender. -- Select Open Windows Defender Security Center. -- Select Virus & threat protection, and then choose Virus & threat protection settings. -- Under Controlled folder access, turn it on or off. +- Select :menuselection:`Start --> Settings`. +- Choose :menuselection:`Update & security --> Windows Defender`. +- Select :guilabel:`Open Windows Defender Security Center`. +- Select :guilabel:`Virus & threat protection`, and then choose :guilabel:`Virus & threat protection settings`. +- Under :guilabel:`Controlled folder access`, turn it on or off. You can also whitelist Krita, following `these instructions `_. Can krita work with 8 bit (indexed) images? ------------------------------------------- No. Krita has been designed from the ground up to use real colors, not indexed palettes. There are no plans to support indexed color images, although Krita can export to some indexed color image formats, such as GIF. However, it does not offer detailed control over pixel values. How can I produce a backtrace on Windows? ----------------------------------------- .. seealso:: :ref:`Dr. Mingw debugger ` If you experience a crash on Windows, and can reproduce the crash, the bug report will be much more valuable if you can create a backtrace. A backtrace is somewhat akin to an airplane's blackbox, in that they tell what set of instructions your computer was running when it was crashing (where the crash happened), making it very useful to figure out why the crash happened. The :ref:`Dr. Mingw debugger ` is bundled with Krita. Please visit the page :ref:`Dr. Mingw debugger ` for instructions on getting a backtrace with it. Where can I find older versions of Krita? ----------------------------------------- All the older versions of Krita that are still available can be found here: - `Very old builds `_ On Windows, the Krita User Interface is too small on my HiDPI screen -------------------------------------------------------------------- If you're using Windows, you can set the display scaling to 150% or 200%, and enable the experimental HiDPI support in the configurations: - On the menu, select :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita` - On General page, switch to :guilabel:`Window` tab. - Check :guilabel:`Enable Hi-DPI support` - Restart Krita You can also change the toolbox icon size by right-clicking on the toolbox and selecting a size. Tablets ======= What tablets does Krita support? -------------------------------- Krita isn’t much fun without a pressure sensitive tablet. If the tablet has been properly configured, Krita should work out of the box. On Windows, you need to either install the Wintab drivers for your tablet, or enable the Windows 8 Pointer Input option in Krita's settings. You can find a community curated list of tablets supported by krita :ref:`here `. If you're looking for information about tablets like the iPad or Android tablets, look :ref:`here `. What if your tablet is not recognized by Krita? ----------------------------------------------- Linux ~~~~~ We would like to see the full output of the following commands: #. ``lsmod`` #. ``xinput`` #. ``xinput list-props`` (id can be fetched from the item 2) #. Get the log of the tablet events (if applicable): #. Open a console application (e.g. Konsole on KDE) #. Set the amount of scrollback to 'unlimited' (for :program:`Konsole`: :menuselection:`Settings --> Edit Current Profile --> Scrolling --> Unlimited Scrollback`) #. Start Krita by typing 'krita' and create any document #. Press :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + T`, you will see a message box telling the logging has started #. Try to reproduce your problem #. The console is now filled with the log. Attach it to a bug report #. Attach all this data to a bug report using public paste services like paste.kde.org Windows ~~~~~~~ First check whether your tablet's driver is correctly installed. Often, a driver update, a Windows update or the installation of Razer gaming mouse driver breaks tablets. Then check whether switching to the Windows 8 Pointer API makes a difference: :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Tablet`. If you still have problems with Windows and your tablet, then we cannot help you without a tablet log. #. Install `DebugView `_ from the official Microsoft site #. Start :program:`DebugView` #. Start :program:`Krita` #. Press :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + T`, you will see a message box telling the logging has started #. Try to reproduce your problem #. Go back to DebugView and save its output to a file. Attach this file to a bug report or paste it using services like paste.kde.org. However, in 100\% of the cases where Windows users have reported that their tablet didn't work over the past five years, the problem has been either a buggy driver or a broken driver installation, but not a bug in Krita. How to fix a tablet offset on multiple screen setup on Windows -------------------------------------------------------------- If you see that your tablet pointer has an offset when working with Krita canvas, it might be highly probable that Krita got incorrect screen resolution from the system. That problem happens mostly when an external monitor is present and when either a monitor or a tablet was connected after the system boot. You can fix this issue manually by: #. Put your stylus away from the tablet. #. Start Krita without using a stylus, that is using a mouse or a keyboard. #. Press Shift key and hold it. #. Touch a tablet with your stylus so Krita would recognize it. You will see a special dialog asking for the real screen resolution. Choose the correct value or enter it manually and press OK. If you have a dual monitor setup and only the top half of the screen is reachable, you might have to enter the total width of both screens plus the double height of your monitor in this field. If this didn't work, and if you have a Wacom tablet, an offset in the canvas can be caused by a faulty Wacom preference file which is not removed or replaced by reinstalling the drivers. To fix it, use the “Wacom Tablet Preference File Utility” to clear all the preferences. This should allow Krita to detect the correct settings automatically. .. warning:: This will reset your tablets configuration, thus you will need to recalibrate/reconfigure it. *For Krita 3.3 or later:* You can try to :ref:`enable “Windows 8+ Pointer Input” `, but some features might not work with it. Microsoft Surface Pro and N-Trig -------------------------------- Krita 3.3.0 and later supports the Windows Pointer API (Windows Ink) natively. Your Surface Pro or other N-Trig enabled pen tablet should work out of the box with Krita after you enable Windows Ink in :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Tablet`. Tablet Pro and the Surface Pro ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unlike Wacom's Companion, the Surface line of tablets doesn't have working hardware buttons. Tablet Pro is a (non-free) utility that puts virtual buttons on screen. Krita 3.1 and above will have predefined shortcut profiles to work with Tablet Pro. http://tabletpro.net/ See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKXZgYqC3tI for instructions. Weird stuff happens on Windows, like ripples, rings, squiggles or poltergeists ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windows comes with a lot of settings to make it work with a pen. All these settings can be annoying. This tool can help you set the settings correctly when you're using a tablet: https://github.com/saveenr/Fix_My_Pen/releases Touch doesn't seem to work on Windows ------------------------------------- You might have to disable and enable the touch driver: go to the device manager. (Click the Start button and type device manager). Choose HID (User interface devices or something like that). Choose Intel(R) Precise Touch Device. Right click, Disable it. Right click, Enable it. Toolbox ======= Toolbox missing --------------- You can reset the Workspace by pressing the right most button on the toolbar, the Workspace switcher, and click on a desired Workspace from the list. Or you can right-click on any docker title bar or open space in any toolbar, and select Toolbox. It's the first option. Also, you can check the Settings menu, it has got a lot of interesting stuff, then go to the Dockers menu and select Toolbox. Tool icons size is too big -------------------------- Right click the toolbox to set the size. Krita can't get maximized ------------------------- This happens when your dockers are placed in such a way that the window cannot be made less high. Rearrange your Workspace. Resources ========= Is there a way to restore a default brush that I have mistakenly overwritten with new settings to default? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yes. First go to the resource folder, which is in Linux :file:`$HOME/.local/share/krita/` Windows :file:`user\\Appdata\\Roaming\\krita\\` or :file:`%APPDATA%\\Roaming\\krita\\` OSX :file:`~/Library/Application Support/Krita/` You can easily do this by going into :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources --> Open Resource Folder`. Then go into the paintoppressets folder and remove the latest created file that you made of your preset. After that go back to the resources folder and edit the blacklist file to remove the previous paintoppreset so Krita will load it. (Yes, it is a bit of a convoluted system, but at the least you don't lose your brushes) How do I set favorite presets? ------------------------------ Right-click a brush in the brush docker and assign it a tag. Then right-click on canvas to call popup palette, click the second right-most icon on the bottom-right of the palette, now you can pick the tag which contains the brush you assigned to it. Can Krita load Photoshop Brushes? --------------------------------- Yes, but there are limitations. You can load ABR files by using the by using the :guilabel:`Import` button in the :guilabel:`Predefined brush` tab in the brush editor. Since Adobe hasn’t disclosed the file format specification, we depend on reverse-engineering to figure out what to load, and currently that’s limited to basic features. Krita is slow ============= There is a myriad of reasons why this might be. Below is a short checklist. - Something else is hogging the cpu or the memory: spotify and other electron apps have been known to do this. - You are running Windows, and have 3rdparty security software like Sandboxie or Total Defender installed - you are working on images that are too big for your hardware (dimensions, channel depth or number of layers) - you do not have canvas acceleration enabled Please also check this page: https://phabricator.kde.org/T7199 Slow start-up ------------- You probably have too many resources installed. Deactivate some bundles under :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources`. If you're using Windows with the portable zip file, Windows will scan all files every time you start Krita. That takes ages. Either use the installer or tell Microsoft Security Essentials to make an exception for Krita. Slow Brushes ------------ - Check if you accidentally turned on the stabilizer in the tool options docker. - Try another scaling mode like trilinear. :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Display`. - Try a lower channel depth than 16-bit. - For NVidia, try a 16-bit floating point color space. - For older AMD CPU's (Krita 2.9.10 and above), turn off the vector optimizations that are broken on AMD CPUs. :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Performance`. This isn't needed if you've got an AMD threadrippercpu. - It's a fairly memory hungry program, so 2GB of ram is the minimum, and 4 gig is the preferable minimum. - Check that nothing else is hogging your CPU - Check that Instant Preview is enabled if you're using bigger brushes (but for very small brushes, make sure is disabled). - Set brush precision to 3 or auto. - Use a larger value for brush spacing. - If all of this fails, record a video and post a link and description on the Krita forum. - Check whether OpenGL is enabled, and if it isn't, enable it. If it is enabled, and you are on Windows, try the Angle renderer. Or disable it. Slowdown after a been working for a while ----------------------------------------- Once you have the slowdown, click on the image-dimensions in the status bar. It will tell you how much RAM Krita is using, if it has hit the limit, or whether it has started swapping. Swapping can slow down a program a lot, so either work on smaller images or turn up the maximum amount of ram in :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Performance --> Advanced Tab`. Tools ===== Why does the Transform Tool give a good result and then get blurry upon finalizing? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The transform tool makes a preview that you edit before computing the finalized version. As this preview is using the screen resolution rather than the image resolution, it may feel that the result is blurry compared to the preview. See https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=139&t=127269 for more info. License, rights and the Krita Foundation ======================================== Who owns Krita? --------------- The Stichting Krita Foundation owns the Krita trademark. The copyright on the source code is owned by everyone who has worked on the source code. Who and what is Kiki? --------------------- Kiki is a cybersquirrel. She’s our mascot and has been designed by Tyson Tan. We choose a squirrel when we discovered that ‘krita’ is the Albanian word for Squirrel. Why is Krita Free? ------------------ Krita is developed as `free software `_ within the KDE community. We believe that good tools should be available for all artists. You can also buy Krita on the Windows Store if you want to support Krita's development or want to have automatic updates to newer versions. Can I use Krita commercially? ----------------------------- Yes. What you create with Krita is your sole property. You own your work and can license your art however you want. Krita’s GPL license applies to Krita’s source code. Krita can be used commercially by artists for any purpose, by studios to make concept art, textures, or vfx, by game artists to work on commercial games, by scientists for research, and by students in educational institutions. If you modify Krita itself, and distribute the result, you have to share your modifications with us. Krita’s GNU GPL license guarantees you this freedom. Nobody is ever permitted to take it away. .. _krita_android: .. _krita_ios: Can I get Krita for iPad? for Android? -------------------------------------- Not at this point in time. Who translates Krita -------------------- Krita is a `KDE application `_ — and proud of it! That means that Krita’s translations are done by `KDE localization teams `_. If you want to help out, join the team for your language! There is another way you can help out making Krita look good in any language, and that is join the development team and fix issues within the code that make Krita harder to translate. Reference ========= https://answers.launchpad.net/krita-ru/+faqs diff --git a/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst b/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst index 73eeb91e0..8a85182d3 100644 --- a/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst +++ b/general_concepts/projection/axonometric.rst @@ -1,164 +1,164 @@ .. meta:: :description: Axonometric projection. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. This is a continuation of :ref:`the orthographic and oblique tutorial `, be sure to check it out if you get confused! .. index:: Projection, Axonometric, Dimetric, Isometric .. _projection_axonometric: Axonometric =========== So, the logic of adding the top is still similar to that of the side. .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection-cube_07.svg :align: center Not very interesting. But it gets much more interesting when we use a side projection: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection-cube_08.svg :align: center Because our cube is red on both front-sides, and blue on both left and right side, we can just use copies, this simplifies the method for cubes a lot. We call this form of axonometric projection 'dimetric' as it deforms two parallel lines equally. Isometric is sorta like dimetric where we have the same angle between all main lines: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection-cube_09.svg :align: center True isometric is done with a 90-54.736=35.264° angle from ground plane: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection-cube_10.svg :align: center (as you can see, it doesn't line up perfectly, because Inkscape, while more designed for making these kinds of diagrams than Krita, doesn't have tools to manipulate the line's angle in degrees) This is a bit of an awkward angle, and on top of that, it doesn't line up with pixels sensibly, so for videogames an angle of 30° from the ground plane is used. .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection-cube_11.svg :align: center Alright, so, let's make an isometric out of our boy then. We make a new document, and add a vector layer. -On the vector layer, we select the straight line tool, start a line and then hold 'shift' to make it snap to angles. This'll allow us to make a 30° setup like above: +On the vector layer, we select the straight line tool, start a line and then hold :kbd:`Shift` to make it snap to angles. This'll allow us to make a 30° setup like above: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_15.png :align: center -We then import some of the frames from the animation via layers --> import/export --> import layer. +We then import some of the frames from the animation via :menuselection:`Layers --> Import/Export --> Import layer`. -Then crop it by setting the crop tool to 'layer', and use :menuselection:`filters --> colors --> color to alpha` +Then crop it by setting the crop tool to :guilabel:`Layer`, and use :menuselection:`Filters --> Colors --> Color to alpha` to remove any background. I also set the layers to 50% opacity. We then align the vectors to them: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_16.png :align: center (Tip, to resize a vector but keep its angle, you just select it with the shape handling tool (the white arrow) drag on the corners of the bounding box to start moving them, and then press :kbd:`Shift` to constrain the ratio. This'll allow you to keep the angle) The lower image is 'the back seen from the front', we'll be using this to determine where the ear should go. Now, we obviously have too little space, so select the crop tool, select 'image' and tick 'grow' and do the following: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_17.png :align: center Grow is a more practical way of resizing the canvas in width and height immediately. Then we align the other heads and transform them by using the transform tool options: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_18.png :align: center (330° here is 360°-30°) Our rectangle we'll be working in slowly becomes visible. Now, this is a bit of a difficult angle to work at, so we go to :menuselection:`image --> rotate --> custom rotation` and fill in 30° clockwise: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_19.png :align: center .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_20.png :align: center (of course, we could've just rotated the left two images 30°, this is mostly to be less confusing compared to the cube) So, we do some cropping, some cleanup and add two parallel assistants like we did with the orthographic: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_21.png :align: center So the idea here is that you draw parallel lines from both sides to find points in the drawing area. You can use the previews of the assistants for this to keep things clean, but I drew the lines anyway for your convenience. .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_22.png :align: center The best is to make a few sampling points, like with the eyebrows here, and then draw the eyebrow over it. .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_23.png :align: center Alternative axonometric with the transform tool ----------------------------------------------- Now, there's an alternative way of getting there that doesn't require as much space. We open our orthographic with 'open existing document as untitled document' so that we don't save over it. Our game-safe isometric has its angle at two pixels horizontal is one pixel vertical. So, we shear the ortho graphics with transform masks to -.5/+.5 pixels (this is proportional) .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_24.png :align: center Use the grid to setup two parallel rulers that represent both diagonals (you can snap them with the :kbd:`Shift + S`): .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_25.png :align: center Add the top view as well: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_26.png :align: center if you do this for all slices, you get something like this: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_27.png :align: center Using the parallel rulers, you can then figure out the position of a point in 3d-ish space: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_28.png :align: center As you can see, this version both looks more 3d as well as more creepy. That's because there are less steps involved as the previous version -- We're deriving our image directly from the orthographic view -- so there are less errors involved. The creepiness is because we've had the tiniest bit of stylisation in our sideview, so the eyes come out HUGE. This is because when we stylise the side view of an eye, we tend to draw it not perfectly from the side, but rather slightly at an angle. If you look carefully at the turntable, the same problem crops up there as well. Generally, stylised stuff tends to fall apart in 3d view, and you might need to make some choices on how to make it work. For example, we can just easily fix the side view (because we used transform masks, this is easy.) .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_29.png :align: center And then generate a new drawing from that… .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_animation_02.gif :align: center Compare to the old one and you should be able to see that the new result’s eyes are much less creepy: .. image:: /images/en/category_projection/projection_image_30.png :align: center It still feels very squashed compared to the regular parallel projection above, and it might be an idea to not just skew but also stretch the orthos a bit. Let's continue with perspective projection in the next one! diff --git a/reference_manual/audio_for_animation.rst b/reference_manual/audio_for_animation.rst index a8301030c..3229f2de4 100644 --- a/reference_manual/audio_for_animation.rst +++ b/reference_manual/audio_for_animation.rst @@ -1,67 +1,67 @@ .. meta:: :description: The audio playback with animation in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic - Marcidy :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Animation, Audio, Sound, Timeline .. _audio_animation: =================== Audio for Animation =================== .. caution:: Audio for animation is an unfinished feature. It has multiple bugs and may not work on your system. You can add audio files to your animation to help sync lips or music. This functionality is available in the timeline docker. Importing Audio Files --------------------- Krita supports MP3, OGM, and WAV audio files. When you open up your timeline docker, there will be a speaker button in the top left area. If you press the speaker button, you will get the available audio options for the animation. * Open * Mute * Remove audio * Volume slider Krita saves the location of your audio file. If you move the audio file or rename it, Krita will not be able to find it. Krita will tell you the file was moved or deleted the next time you try to open the Krita file up. Using Audio After you import the audio, you can scrub through the timeline and it will play the audio chunk at the time spot. When you press the Play button, the entire the audio file will playback as it will in the final version. There is no visual display of the audio file on the screen, so you will need to use your ears and the scrubbing functionality to position frames. Exporting with Audio -------------------- -To get the audio file included when you are exporting, you need to include it in the Render Animation options. In the File > Render Animation options there is a checkbox"Include Audio". Make sure that is checked before you export and you should be good to go. +To get the audio file included when you are exporting, you need to include it in the Render Animation options. In the :menuselection:`File --> Render Animation` options there is a checkbox :guilabel:`Include Audio`. Make sure that is checked before you export and you should be good to go. Packages needed for Audio on Linux ---------------------------------- The following packages are necessary for havng the audio support on Linux: For people who build Krita on Linux: * libasound2-dev * libgstreamer1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio * libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev * libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev * libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev For people who use Krita on Linux: * libqt5multimedia5-plugins * libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0 * libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0 * libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0 diff --git a/reference_manual/dockers/animation_curve.rst b/reference_manual/dockers/animation_curve.rst index 80ef5602b..d818d08fd 100644 --- a/reference_manual/dockers/animation_curve.rst +++ b/reference_manual/dockers/animation_curve.rst @@ -1,71 +1,71 @@ .. meta:: :description: Overview of the animation curves docker. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Animation, ! Animation Curves, Interpolation, Tweening .. _animation_curves_docker: ======================= Animation Curves Docker ======================= The Animation Curve docker allows you to edit tweened sections by means of interpolation curves. As of this time of writing, it can only edit opacity. The idea is that sometimes what you want to animated can be expressed as a value. This allows the computer to do maths on the values, and automate tasks, like interpolation, also known as 'Tweening'. Because these are values, like percentage opacity, and animation happens over time, that means we can visualise the way the values are interpolated as a curve graph, and also edit the graph that way. But, when you first open this docker, there's no curves visible! You will first need to add opacity keyframes to the active animation layer. You can do this by using the animation docker and selection 'add new opacity frame'. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_curves_1.png Opacity should create a bright red curve line in the docker. On the left, in the layer list, you will see that the active layer has an outline of it's properties: A red 'opacity' has appeared. Pressing the red dot will hide the current curve, which'll be more useful in the future when more properties can be animated. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_curves_2.png -If you select a dot of the curve, you can move it around to shift it's place in the time-line or it's value. +If you select a dot of the curve, you can move it around to shift its place in the time-line or its value. On the top, you can select the method of smoothing: Hold Value This keeps the value the same until there's a new keyframe. Linear Interpolation (Default) This gives a straight interpolation between two values. Custom interpolation This allows you to set the section after the keyframe node as one that can be modified. |mouseleft| +dragging on the node allows you to drag out a handler node for adjusting the curving. So, for example, making a 100% opacity keyframe on frame 0 and a 0% opacity one on frame 24 gives the following result: .. image:: /images/en/Ghost_linear.gif If we select frame 12 and press :guilabel:`Add New Keyframe` A new opacity keyframe is added on that spot. We can set this frame to 100% and set frame 0 to 0% for this effect. .. image:: /images/en/Ghost_linear_in-out.gif Now, if we want easing in, we select the node on frame 0 and press the :guilabel:`Custom Interpolation` button at the top. This will enable custom interpolation on the curve between frames 0 and 12. Doing the same on frame 12 will enable custom interpolation between frames 12 and 24. Drag from the node to add a handle, which in turn you can use to get the following effects: .. image:: /images/en/Ghost_ease_in-out.gif .. image:: /images/en/Animation_curves_3.png The above shows an ease-in curve. And convex/concave examples: .. image:: /images/en/Ghost_concave_in-out.gif .. image:: /images/en/Animation_curves_4.png .. image:: /images/en/Ghost_convex_int-out.gif .. image:: /images/en/Animation_curves_5.png As you may be able to tell, there's quite a different 'texture', so to speak, to each of these animations, despite the difference being only in the curves. Indeed, a good animator can get quite some tricks out of interpolation curves, and as we develop Krita, we hope to add more properties for you to animate this way. .. note:: Opacity has currently 255 as maximum in the curve editor, as that's how opacity is stored internally diff --git a/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst b/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst index fcf576a2c..48695a331 100644 --- a/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst +++ b/reference_manual/main_menu/edit_menu.rst @@ -1,66 +1,66 @@ .. meta:: :description: The edit menu in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Edit, Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste .. _edit_menu: ==== Edit ==== .. glossary:: Undo Undoes the last action. :kbd:`Ctrl + Z` Redo - Redoes the last undone action. :kbd:`Ctrl + shift+ Z` + Redoes the last undone action. :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift+ Z` Cut Cuts the selection or layer. :kbd:`Ctrl + X` Copy Copies the selection or layer. :kbd:`Ctrl + C` Cut (Sharp) This prevents semi-transparent areas from appearing on your cut pixels, making them either fully opaque or fully transparent. Copy (Sharp) Same as :term:`Cut (Sharp)` but then copying instead. Copy Merged Copies the selection over all layers. :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + C` Paste Pastes the copied buffer into the image as a new layer. :kbd:`Ctrl + V` Paste at Cursor Same as :term:`paste`, but aligns the image to the cursor. Paste into new image Pastes the copied buffer into a new image. Clear Clear the current layer. :kbd:`Del` Fill with Foreground Colour Fills the layer or selection with the foreground color. :kbd:`Shift + Backspace` Fill with Background Colour Fills the layer or selection with the background color. :kbd:`Backspace` Fill with pattern Fills the layer or selection with the active pattern. Stroke Selected Shapes Strokes the selected vector shape with the selected brush, will create a new layer. Stroke Selection Strokes the active selection using the menu. diff --git a/reference_manual/main_menu/settings_menu.rst b/reference_manual/main_menu/settings_menu.rst index 5c47db639..6e8f6e999 100644 --- a/reference_manual/main_menu/settings_menu.rst +++ b/reference_manual/main_menu/settings_menu.rst @@ -1,123 +1,123 @@ .. meta:: :description: The settings menu in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic - Micheal Abrahams - Raghavendra Kamath :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _settings_menu: ============ Setting Menu ============ The Settings Menu houses the configurable options in Krita and where you determine most of the "look and feel" of the application. .. index:: Dockers Show Dockers ------------ Show Dockers Determines whether or not the dockers are visible. This is a nice aid to cleaning up the interface and removing unnecessary "eye-ball clutter" when you are painting. If you've got your brush and you know you're just going to be painting for awhile why not flip the dockers off? You'd be amazed what a difference it makes while you're working. However, if you know you're swapping out tools or working with layer or any of the other myriad things Krita lets you do then there's no point getting caught up in flipping the docks on and off. Use you time wisely! .. tip:: This is a great candidate to add to the toolbar so you can just click the dockers on and off and don't even have to open the menu to do it. See :ref:`configure_toolbars` below for more. Dockers ------- Krita subdivides the access of many of it's features into functional panels called Dockers. Dockers are small windows that can contain, for example, things like the Layer Stack, Color Palette or Brush Presets. Think of them as the painter's palette, or his water, or his brushkit. Learning to use dockers effectively is a key concept to maximizing your time using Krita. .. index:: Themes, Theme, Look and Feel Themes ------ Krita provides a number of color-themed interfaces or "looks". The current set of themes are the following: * Dark (Default) * Blender * Bright * Neutral -There is no easy way to create and share themes. The color themes are defined in the Share > Color Schemes folder where Krita is downloaded. +There is no easy way to create and share themes. The color themes are defined in the :menuselection:`Share --> Color Schemes` folder where Krita is downloaded. Configure Shortcuts ------------------- Configuring shortcuts is another way to customize the application to fit you. Whether you are transitioning from another app, like Photoshop or MyPaint, or you think your own shortcut keys make more sense for you then Krita has got you covered. You get to the shortcuts interface through :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita` and by choosing the :menuselection:`Keyboard Shortcuts` tab. To use, just type the :guilabel:`Action` into the Search box you want to assign/reassign the shortcut for. Suppose we wanted to assign the shortcut :kbd:`Ctrl + G` to the :guilabel:`Action` of Group Layers so that every time we pressed :kbd:`Ctrl + G` a new Layer Group would be created. Use the following steps to do this: #. Type "Group Layer" #. Click on Group Layer and a small inset box will open. #. Click the Custom radio button #. Click on the first button and type the :kbd:`Ctrl + G` key combination. #. Click OK From this point on, whenever you press :kbd:`Ctrl + G` you'll get a new :guilabel:`Group Layer`. .. tip:: Smart use of shortcuts can save you significant time and further streamline your workflow. Manage Resources ---------------- Manage the resources. You can read more about it :ref:`here `. .. index:: Language Switch Application Language --------------------------- If you wish to use Krita in a different translation. .. index:: ! Toolbar .. _configure_toolbars: Configure Toolbars ------------------ Krita allows you to highly customize the Toolbar interface. You can add, remove and change the order of nearly everything to fit your style of work. To get started, choose :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Toolbars` .. image:: /images/en/Configure_Toolbars_Krita.png :align: center The dialog is broken down into three main sections: The Toolbar Choose to either modify the "File" or "Brushes and Stuff" toolbars Available Actions: All the options that can be added to a toolbar Current Actions: All the actions currently assigned and the order they are in. Use the arrows between the *Available* and *Current* actions sections to move items back and forth and up and down in the hierarchy. This type of inclusion/exclusion interface has been around on PCs for decades so we don't need to go into great detail regarding its use. What is important though is selecting the correct Toolbar to work on. The :guilabel:`File` Toolbar allows you to add items between the :menuselection:`New` , :menuselection:`Open` and :menuselection:`Save` buttons as well as to the right of the :menuselection:`Save` button. The :guilabel:`Brushes and Stuff` Toolbar,lets you modify anything from the Gradients button over to the right. This is probably where you'll do most of your editing. Here we've added :menuselection:`Select Opaque` , :menuselection:`Local Selection` , :menuselection:`Transparency Mask` , :guilabel:`Isolate Layer` , :menuselection:`Show Assistant Previews` . This is just an example of a couple of options that are used frequently and might trim your workflow. This is what it looks like in the configuration tool: .. image:: /images/en/Configure_Toolbars_Brushes_and_Stuff_Custom.png :align: center You'll notice that some of the items are text only and some only icons. This is determined by whether the particular item has an associated icon in Krita. You can select anything from the *Available* section and move it to the *Current* one and rearrange to fit your own workflow. If you add so many that they won't all fit on your screen at once, you will see a small chevron icon appear. Click it and the toolbar expands to show the remaining items. Toolbars shown. Gives a list of toolbars that can be shown. At this time Krita does not support the ability to create additional toolbars. The ones available are: .. image:: /images/en/Toolbars_Shown.png :align: center Although not really advisable, you can turn them off (but why would you..really?) diff --git a/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst b/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst index 83fd2ea63..203430ed7 100644 --- a/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst +++ b/reference_manual/preferences/general_settings.rst @@ -1,213 +1,213 @@ .. meta:: :description: General Preferences in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic - Greig :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Preferences, Settings, Cursor, Autosave, Tabbed Documents, Subwindow Documents, Pop up palette, File Dialog, Maximum Brush Size, Kinetic Scrolling, Sessions .. _general_settings: ================ General Settings ================ You can access the General Category of the preferences by first going to :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita`. .. image:: /images/en/Krita_Preferences_General.png Cursor Settings --------------- Customize the drawing cursor here: Cursor Shape ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select a cursor shape to use while the brush tools are used. This cursor will always be visible on the canvas. It is usually set to a type exactly where your pen nib is at. The available cursor types are shown below. Tool Icon Shows the currently selected tool icon,even for the freehand brush. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_tool_icon.png Arrow Shows a generic cursor. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_arrow.png Crosshair Shows a precision reticule. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_crosshair.png Small circle Shows a small white dot with a black outline. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_small_circle.png No Cursor Show no cursor, useful for tablet-monitors. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_no_cursor.png Triangle Right-Handed. Gives a small white triangle with a black border. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_triangle_righthanded.png Triangle Left-Handed. Same as above but mirrored. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_triangle_lefthanded.png Black Pixel Gives a single black pixel. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_black_pixel.png White Pixel Gives a single white pixel. .. image:: /images/en/Settings_cursor_white_pixel.png Outline Shape ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select an outline shape to use while the brush tools are used. This cursor shape will optionally show in the middle of a painting stroke as well. The available outline shape types are shown below.(pictures will come soon) No Outline No outline. Circle Outline Gives a circular outline approximating the brush size. Preview Outline Gives an outline based on the actual shape of the brush. Tilt Outline Gives a circular outline with a tilt-indicator. While Painting... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Show Outline This option when selected will show the brush outline while a stroke is being made. If unchecked the brush outline will not appear during stroke making, it will show up only after the brush stroke is finished. This option works only when Brush Outline is selected as the Cursor Shape. .. versionchanged:: 4.1 Used to be called "Show Outline When Painting" Use effective outline size .. versionadded:: 4.1 This makes sure that the outline size will always be the maximum possible brush diameter, and not the current one as affected by sensors such as pressure. This makes the cursor a little less noisy to use. .. _window_settings: Window Settings Multiple Document Mode This can be either tabbed like :program:`GIMP` or :program:`Painttool Sai`, or subwindows, like :program:`Photoshop`. Background image Allows you to set a picture background for subwindow mode. Window Background Set the colour of the subwindow canvas area. Don't show contents when moving sub-windows This gives an outline when moving windows to work around ugly glitches with certain graphics-cards. Show on-canvas popup messages Whether or not you want to see the on-canvas pop-up messages that tell you whether you are in tabbed mode, rotating the canvas, or mirroring it. Enable Hi-DPI support Attempt to use the Hi-DPI support. It is an option because we are still experiencing bugs on windows. Allow only one instance of Krita An instance is a single entry in your system's task manager. Turning this option makes sure that Krita will check if there's an instance of Krita open already when you instruct it to open new documents, and then have your documents opened in that single instance. There's some obscure uses to allowing multiple instances, but if you can't think of any, just keep this option on. Tool options ------------ In docker (default) Gives you the tool options in a docker. In toolbar Gives you the tool options in the toolbar, next to the brush settings. You can open it with :kbd:`\\`. Switch ctrl/alt modifiers - This switches the function of the ctrl and alt buttons when modifying selections. Useful for those used to Gimp instead of photoshop, or Lefties without a right-alt key on their keyboard. + This switches the function of the :kbd:`Ctrl` and :kbd:`Alt` buttons when modifying selections. Useful for those used to Gimp instead of Photoshop, or Lefties without a right-::kbd:`Alt` key on their keyboard. Enable Touchpainting This allows finger painting with capacitive screens. Some devices have both capacitive touch and a stylus, and then this can interfere. In that case, just toggle this. Kinetic Scrolling (Needs Restart) This enables kinetic scrolling for scrollable areas. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_kinetic_scrolling.gif :align: center Kinetic scrolling on the brush chooser drop-down with activation mode set to `guilabel:`On Click Drag`, with this disabled all of these clicks would lead to a brush being selected regardless of drag motion. Activation How it is activated. Disabled Will never activated. On Touch Drag Will activate if it can recognise a touch event. May not always work. On Click Drag Will activate when it can recognise a click event, will always work. Sensitivity How quickly the feature activates, this effective determines the length of the drag. Show Scrollbar Whether to show scrollbars when doing this. .. _misc_settings: Miscellaneous ------------- When Krita Starts This is the option for handling user sessions. It has the following options: Open Default Window This opens the regular empty window with the last used workspace. Load Previous Session Load the last opened session. If you have :guilabel:`Save session when Krita closes` toggled, this becomes the last files you had open and the like. Show Session Manager Show the session manager directly so you can pick a session. .. versionadded:: 4.1 Save session when Krita closes Save the current open windows, documents and the like into the current session when closing Krita so you can resume where you left off. .. versionadded:: 4.1 Autosave Every Here the user can specify how often Krita should autosave the file, you can tick the checkbox to turn it off. For Windows these files are saved in the %TEMP% directory. If you are on Linux it is stored in /home/'username'. Compress \*.kra files more. This increases the zip compression on the saved Krita files, which makes them lighter on disk, but this takes longer to load. Upon importing Images as Layers, convert to the image color space. This makes sure that layers are the same color space as the image, necessary for saving to PSD. Undo Stack Size This is the number of undo commands Krita remembers. You can set the value to 0 for unlimited undos. Favorite Presets This determines the amount of presets that can be used in the pop-up palette. Create Backup File When selected Krita will try to save a backup file in case of a crash. Hide splash screen on startup. This'll hide the splash screen automatically once Krita is fully loaded. Enable Native File Dialog This allows you to use the system file dialog. By default turned off because we cannot seem to get native file dialogues 100% bugfree. Maximum brush size This allows you to set the maximum brush size to a size of up to 10.000 pixels. Do be careful with using this, as a 10.000 size pixel can very quickly be a full gigabyte of data being manipulated, per dab. In other words, this might be slow. Recalculate animation cache in background. Krita will recalculate the cache when you're not doing anything. .. versionchanged:: 4.1 This is now in the :ref:`performance_settings` under :guilabel:`Animation Cache`. diff --git a/reference_manual/tools/line.rst b/reference_manual/tools/line.rst index 8948fbb2b..fda828701 100644 --- a/reference_manual/tools/line.rst +++ b/reference_manual/tools/line.rst @@ -1,44 +1,44 @@ .. meta:: :description: Krita's line tool reference. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Tools, Line, Straight Line .. _line_tool: ================== Straight Line Tool ================== |toolline| This tool is used to draw lines. Click the left mouse button to indicate the first endpoint, keep the button pressed, drag to the second endpoint and release the button. Hotkeys and Sticky Keys ----------------------- To activate the Line tool from freehand brush mode, use :kbd:`V`. Use other keys afterwards to constraint the line. Use :kbd:`Shift` while holding the mouse button to constrain the angle to multiples of 15º. You can press :kbd:`Alt` while still keeping the left mouse button down to move the line to a different location. .. note:: - Using the shift keys BEFORE pushing the holding the left mouse button/stylus down will, in default Krita, activate the quick brush-resize. Be sure to use shift after + Using the :kbd:`Shift` keys BEFORE pushing the holding the left mouse button/stylus down will, in default Krita, activate the quick brush-resize. Be sure to use :kbd:`Shift` after Tool Options ------------ The following options allow you to modify the end-look of the straight-line stroke with tablet-values. Of course, this only work for tablets, and currently only on Paint Layers. Use sensors This will draw the line while taking sensors into account. To use this effectively, start the line and trace the path like you would when drawing a straight line before releasing. If you make a mistake, make the line shorter and start over. Preview This will show the old-fashioned preview line so you know where your line will end up. diff --git a/reference_manual/tools/path_select.rst b/reference_manual/tools/path_select.rst index 3eece4477..538b51d9d 100644 --- a/reference_manual/tools/path_select.rst +++ b/reference_manual/tools/path_select.rst @@ -1,51 +1,51 @@ .. meta:: :description: Krita's bezier curve selection tool reference. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Tools, Vector, Path, Bezier Curve, Pen, Selection .. _path_selection_tool: .. _bezier_curve_selection_tool: =================== Path Selection Tool =================== |toolselectpath| This tool, represented by a ellipse with a dashed border and a curve control, allows you to make a :ref:`selections_basics` of an area by drawing a path around it. Click where you want each point of the path to be. Click and drag to curve the line between points. Finally click on the first point you created to close your path. Hotkeys and Sticky keys ----------------------- * :kbd:`R` sets the selection to 'replace' in the tool options, this is the default mode. * :kbd:`A` sets the selection to 'add' in the tool options. * :kbd:`S` sets the selection to 'subtract' in the tool options. * :kbd:`Shift` + |mouseleft| sets the subsequent selection to 'add'. You can release the :kbd:`Shift` key while dragging, but it will still be set to 'add'. Same for the others. * :kbd:`Alt` + |mouseleft| sets the subsequent selection to 'subtract'. * :kbd:`Ctrl` + |mouseleft| sets the subsequent selection to 'replace'. * :kbd:`Shift + Alt +` |mouseleft| sets the subsequent selection to 'intersect'. .. warning:: - Selection modifiers don't quite work yet with the path tool, as shift breaks the path + Selection modifiers don't quite work yet with the path tool, as :kbd:`Shift` breaks the path .. note:: - You can switch the behaviour of the Alt key to use Ctrl instead by toggling the switch in the :ref:`general_settings` + You can switch the behaviour of the :kbd:`Alt` key to use :kbd:`Ctrl` instead by toggling the switch in the :ref:`general_settings` Tool Options ------------ .. versionadded:: 4.1.3 Autosmooth Curve Toggling this will have nodes initialize with smooth curves instead of angles. Untoggle this if you want to create sharp angles for a node. This will not affect curve sharpness from dragging after clicking. Anti-aliasing This toggles whether or not to give selections feathered edges. Some people prefer hard-jagged edges for their selections. diff --git a/reference_manual/tools/reference_images_tool.rst b/reference_manual/tools/reference_images_tool.rst index d2745546a..a515da320 100644 --- a/reference_manual/tools/reference_images_tool.rst +++ b/reference_manual/tools/reference_images_tool.rst @@ -1,48 +1,48 @@ .. meta:: :description: The reference images tool .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Tools, Reference .. _reference_images_tool: ===================== Reference Images Tool ===================== |toolreference| .. versionadded:: 4.1 The reference images tool is a replacement for the reference images docker. You can use it to load images from your disk as reference, which can then be moved around freely on the canvas and placed wherever. Tool Options Add reference image Load a single image to display on the canvas. Load Set Load a set of reference images. Save Set Save a set of reference images. Delete all reference images Delete all the reference images Keep aspect ratio When toggled this will force the image to not get distorted. Opacity Lower the opacity. Saturation Desaturate the image. This is useful if you only want to focus on the light/shadow instead of getting distracted by the colors. Storage mode How is the reference image stored. Embed to \*.kra Store this reference image into the kra file. This is recommended for small vital files you'd easily lose track of otherwise. Link to external file. Only link to the reference image, krita will open it from the disk everytime it loads this file. This is recommended for big files, or files that change a lot. -You can move around reference images by selecting them with |mouseleft|, and dragging them. You can rotate reference images by holding the cursor close to the outside of the corners till the rotate cursor appears, while tilting is done by holding the cursor close to the outside of the middle nodes. Resizing can be done by dragging the nodes. You can delete a single reference image by clicking it and pressing 'del'. You can select multiple reference images with shift and perform all of these actions. +You can move around reference images by selecting them with |mouseleft|, and dragging them. You can rotate reference images by holding the cursor close to the outside of the corners till the rotate cursor appears, while tilting is done by holding the cursor close to the outside of the middle nodes. Resizing can be done by dragging the nodes. You can delete a single reference image by clicking it and pressing :kbd:`Del`. You can select multiple reference images with :kbd:`Shift` and perform all of these actions. To hide all reference images temporarily use :menuselection:`View --> Show Reference Images`. diff --git a/tutorials/common_workflows.rst b/tutorials/common_workflows.rst index 669d262d2..8db15e335 100644 --- a/tutorials/common_workflows.rst +++ b/tutorials/common_workflows.rst @@ -1,210 +1,210 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Common workflows used in Krita .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Vancemoss - Raghavendra Kamath :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _common_wokflows: ================ Common Workflows ================ Krita's main goal is to help artists create digital painting from scratch. Krita is used by comic artists, matte painters, texture artists, and illustrators around the world. This section explains some common workflow that artists use in Krita. When you open a new document in Krita for the first time, you can start painting instantly. The brush tool is selected by default and you just have to paint on the canvas. However, let us look at what artists do in Krita. Below are some of the common workflows used in Krita: Speed Painting and Conceptualizing ---------------------------------- Some artists work only on digital medium, sketching and visualizing concepts in Krita from scratch. As the name suggests a technique of painting done within matter of hours to quickly visualize the basic scene , character, look and feel of the environment or to denote the general mood and overall concept is called a **speed painting**. Finishing and finer details are not the main goal of this type of painting, but the representation of form value and layout is main goal. Some artists set time limit to complete the painting while some paint casually. Speed painting then can be taken forward by adding finer details and polish to create a final piece. Generally artists first block in the composition by adding patches and blobs of flat colors, defining the silhouette etc . Krita has some efficient brushes for this situation, for example the brush under **Block Tag** like Block fuzzy, Block basic, layout_block etc. After the composition and a basic layout has been laid out the artists add as much details as possible in the given limited time, this requires a decent knowledge of forms, value perspective and proportions of the objects. Below is an example of speed paint done by `David Revoy `_ done in an hours time. .. image:: /images/en/Pepper-speedpaint-deevad.jpg :alt: speedpaint of pepper and carrot by deevad (David Revoy) :width: 800 Artwork by David Revoy, license : `CC-BY `_ You can view the recorded speed painting demo for the above image `on Youtube `_. Colorizing Line Art ------------------- Often an artist for example a comic book colorist will need to take a pencil sketch or other line art of some sort and use Krita to paint underneath it. This can be either an image created digitally or something that was done outside the computer and has been scanned. Preparing the lineart ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If your images has a white or other single-tone background, you can use either of the following methods to prepare the art for coloring.: Place the line-art at the top of the layer stack and set its layer blending mode to Multiply If you want to clean the lineart a bit you can press :kbd:`Ctrl+L` or go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Adjust --> levels` .. image:: /images/en/Levels-filter.png :alt: level filter dialog You can clean the unwanted greys by moving the white triangle in the input levels section to left and darken the black by moving the black triangle to right. If you draw in blue pencils and then ink your line art you may need to remove the blue lines first to do that go to :menuselection:`Filter --> Adjust --> Color adjustment` curves or press shortcut :kbd:`Ctrl+M`. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-cw.png :alt: remove blue lines from image step 1 Now select **Red** from the drop-down, Click on the top right node on the graph and slide it all the way down. Or you can click on the top right node and enter **0** in the output field. Repeat this step for **Green** too. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-02.png :alt: removing blue lines from scan step 2 -Now the whole drawing will have a blue overlay, zoom in and check if the blue pencil lines are still visible slightly, If you still see them, then go to **Blue** Channel in the color adjustment and shift the top right node towards left a bit, Or enter a value around 190 ( one that removes the remaining rough lines) in the input box. +Now the whole drawing will have a blue overlay, zoom in and check if the blue pencil lines are still visible slightly, If you still see them, then go to **Blue** Channel in the color adjustment and shift the top right node towards left a bit, Or enter a value around 190 (one that removes the remaining rough lines) in the input box. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-03.png :alt: remove blue lines from scans step 3 Now apply the color adjustment filter, yes we still have lots of blue on the artwork be patient and move on to the next step. Go to :menuselection:`Filter --> Adjust --> Desaturate` or press :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + U`. Now select max from the list. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Color-adjustment-04.png :alt: remove blue lines from scans step 4 .. hint:: It is good to use non-photo-blue pencils to create the blue lines as those are easy to remove. If you are drawing digitally in blue lines use #A4DDED color as this is closer to non-photo-blue color. You can learn more about doing a sketch from blue sketch to digital painting `here in a tutorial by David Revoy `_. After you have a clean black and white line-art you may need to erase the white color and keep only black line-art, to achieve that go to :menuselection:`Filters --> Color --> Color to Alpha`. Use the dialog box to turn all the white areas of the image transparent. The Color Picker is set to White by default. If you have imported scanned art and need to select another color for the paper color then you would do it here. .. image:: /images/en/Color-to-alpha.png :alt: color to alpha dialog box This will convert the white color in your line-art to alpha i.e. it will make the white transparent leaving only the lineart. Your line-art can be in grey-scale color space, this is a unique feature in Krita which allows you to keep a layer in a color-space independent from the image. Laying in Flat Colors ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ There are many ways to color a line art in Krita, but generally these three are the common among the artists. 1. Paint blocks of color directly with block brushes. 2. Fill with Flood fill Tool. 3. Use one of the GMIC colorise comics filters. Blocking with brush """"""""""""""""""" The first is the more traditional method of taking a shape brush or using the geometric tools to lay in color. This would be similar to using an analog marker or brush on paper. There are various block brushes in Krita, you can select **Block** Tag from the dro-pdown in the brush presets docker and use the brushes listed there. Add a layer underneath your lineart layer and start painting with the brush, If you want to correct any area you can press :kbd:`E` and convert the same brush into an eraser. You can also use a layer each for different colors for more flexibility. Filling with Flood Fill tool """""""""""""""""""""""""""" The second method is to use the Flood fill tool to fill large parts of your line-art quickly. This method generally requires closed gaps in the line-art. To begin with this method place your line-art on a separate layer. Then activate the flood fill tool and set the grow selection to 2px, un-check limit to current layer if previously checked. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Floodfill-krita.png :alt: flood fill in krita Choose a color from color elector and just click on the area you want to fill the color. As we have expanded the fill with grow selection the color will be filled slightly underneath the line-art thus giving us a clean fill. GMIC Colorise [Interactive] """"""""""""""""""""""""""" The third method is to use take advantage of the integrated G'Mic filters. These are powerful filters that can dramatically improve your workflow and cut your down on your production time. To begin coloring with the GMIC colorize interactive, go to :menuselection:`Filter --> GMIC`. Choose :menuselection:`Filter --> G'Mic --> Black & white --> Colorize[interactive]` from the list of filters. Then select Line-art for :menuselection:`Input type, Image + Colors (2 Layers)` for output type, set the view resolution according to your need. If you have any specific color palette to use for coloring add the path for it in additional color palette. The example of the filter window with the required inputs is shown below. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/GMIC-colorize-interactive-krita.png :alt: G'MIC window in Krita Press **Apply** to begin the coloring, this will open a color selector **palette** window and a window showing your lineart. Choose the color from the palette and click on the areas that needs to be filled with color like the example shown below. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Krita-GMIC-colorize-interactive.png :alt: G'MIC colorise interactive window If you feel that the dots are a bit distracting you can press :kbd:`Tab` to reduce the size or hide the dots. to zoom out you can press :kbd:`Ctrl+down arrow` and :kbd:`Ctrl+up arrow` vice versa. Panning is done by |mousemiddle| + drag. Press :kbd:`Spacebar` to generate the colors. If you want to replace a color select the color by |mousemiddle| and pressing :kbd:`R` then you can select an alternate color from the palette. Once you have finished adding the desired flat colors you can press :kbd:`Enter` to apply the filter. Then don't forget to press **Ok** in the GMIC dialog box. The flats colors will be placed on a separate layer. You can check `this `_ tutorial by David Revoy to know more about this technique. GMIC Colorize [comics] """""""""""""""""""""" Krita provides one more option to prepare flat colors through GMIC colorize comics filter. This technique needs some preparations before you run the GMIC filter. This layer extrapolates the color spots that you input below the lineart You have to create two layers below the line art, one for the color spots indicating which color you need to be filled in the region and one for the final extrapolated output of the filter. Mark some colors spots in the layer beneath the lineart. The layer setup can be seen in the image below. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Colorize-krita.png :alt: G'MIC colorise comics layer setup The colors spots are marked in red in the image Now go to :menuselection:`Filter --> G'Mic --> Black & white --> Colorize[comics]`. In the GMIC dialog box, select all for input and inplace (default) for output, select Lineart + color spots + extrapolated layers for both input and output layers on the right hand side. Smoothness is for filling gap tolerance and details the default is 0.5 you can adjust it according to your line art. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Colorise-comics-setting.png :alt: Colorise Interactive dialog and settings Press **Apply** and **Ok** to apply and exit the GMIC dialog. You'll now have flat colors beneath you lineart. More details about this technique can be found in the tutorial `at Timothée Giet's blog `_. Painting -------- Starting from chaos ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Here, you start by making a mess through random shapes and texture, then taking inspirations from the resulting chaos you can form various concepts. It is kind of like making things from clouds or finding recognizable shapes of things in abstract and random textures. Many concept artist work with this technique. You can use brushes like the shape brush, or the spray brush to paint a lot of different shapes, and from the resulting noise, you let you brain pick out shapes and compositions. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Chaos2.jpg :alt: Starting a painting from chaotic sketch You then refine these shapes to look more like shapes you think they look, and paint them over with a normal paintbrush. This method is best done in a painting environment. Starting from a value based underground ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This method finds it's origins in old oil-painting practice: You first make an under-painting and then paint over it with colour, having the dark underground shine through. With Krita you can use blending modes for this purpose. Choosing the Color blending mode on a layer on top allows you to change the colours of the image without changing the relative luminosity. This is useful, because humans are much more sensitive to tonal differences than difference in saturation and hue. This'll allow you to work in greyscale before going into colour for the polishing phase. You can find more about this technique `here `_. Preparing Tiles and Textures ---------------------------- Many artists use Krita to create textures for 3d assets used for games animation etc. Krita has many texture template for you to choose and get started with creating textures. These template have common sizes, bit depth and color profiles that are used for texturing workflow. Krita also has a real-time seamless tile mode to help texture artist prepare tiles and texture easily and check if it is seamless on the fly. The tiled mode is called wrap around mode , to activate this mode you have press :kbd:`W`. No when you paint the canvas is tiled in real-time allowing you to create seamless pattern and texture, it is also easy to prepare interlocking patterns and motifs in this mode. Creating Pixel Art ------------------ Krita can also be used to create high definition pixel painting. The pixel art look can be achieved by using Index color filter layer and overlaying dithering patterns. The general layer stack arrangement is as shown below. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Layer-docker-pixelart.png :alt: Layer stack setup for pixel art The index color filter maps specific user selected colors to the grey scale value of the artwork. You can see the example below, the strip below the black and white gradient has index color applied to it so that the black and white gradient gets the color selected to different values. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Gradient-pixelart.png :alt: color mapping in index color to greyscale You can choose the required colors and ramps in the index color filter dialog as shown below. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Index-color-filter.png :alt: index color filter dialog Dithering can be used to enhance the look of the art and to ease the banding occurred by the index color filter. Krita has a variety of dithering patterns by default, these can be found in pattern docker. You can use these patterns as fill layer , then set the blend mode to **overlay** and adjust the opacity according to your liking. generally an opacity range of 10% - 25% is ideal. Paint the artwork in grey-scale and add a index color filter layer at the top then add the dithering pattern fill layer below the index color filter but above the artwork layer, as shown in the layer stack arrangement above. You can paint or adjust the artwork at any stage as we have added the index color filter as a filter layer. You can add different groups for different colors and add different dithering patterns for each group. Below is an example painted with this layer arrangement. .. image:: /images/en/common-workflows/Kiki-pixel-art.png :alt: Pixel art done in Krita diff --git a/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst b/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst index bef948088..d6648a251 100644 --- a/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst +++ b/tutorials/making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks.rst @@ -1,142 +1,142 @@ .. meta:: :description lang=en: Tutorial for making azalea with the help of transform masks .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. _making_an_azalea_with_the_transformation_masks: ============================================== Making An Azalea With The Transformation Masks ============================================== .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Krita-screencast-azaleas.png :alt: making azalea with transform masks .. note:: This page was ported from the original post on the main page Okay, so I’ve wanted to do a tutorial for transform masks for a while now, and this is sorta ending up to be a flower-drawing tutorial. Do note that this tutorial requires you to use **Krita 2.9.4 at MINIMUM**. It has a certain speed-up that allows you to work with transform masks reliably! I like drawing flowers because they are a bit of an unappreciated subject, yet allow for a lot of practice in terms of rendering. Also, you can explore cool tricks in Krita with them. Today’s flower is the Azalea flower. These flowers are usually pink to red and appear in clusters, the clusters allow me to exercise with transform masks! I got an image from Wikipedia for reference, mostly because it’s public domain, and as an artist I find it important to respect other artists. You can copy it and, if you already have a canvas, :menuselection:`edit --> paste as new image` or :menuselection:`new --> from clipboard`. Then, if you didn’t have a new canvas make one. I made an a5 300dpi canvas. This is not very big, but we’re only practicing. I also have the background colour set to a yellow-greyish colour (#CAC5B3), partly because it reminds me of paper, and partly because bright screen white can strain the eyes and make it difficult to focus on values and colours while painting. Also, due to the lack of strain on the eyes, you’ll find yourself soothed a bit. Other artists use #c0c0c0, or even more different values. So, if you go to :menuselection:`window --> tile`, you will find that now your reference image and your working canvas are side by side. The reason I am using this instead of the docker is because I am lazy and don’t feel like saving the wikipedia image. We’re not going to touch the image much. Let’s get to drawing! --------------------- .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_01_trunk-.png :alt: starting with the trunk and reference image First we make a bunch of branches. I picked a slightly darker colour here than usual, because I know that I’ll be painting over these branches with the lighter colours later on. Look at the reference how branches are formed. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_02_drawing-flowers.png :alt: making the outline of the flowers Then we make an approximation of a single flower on a layer. We make a few of these, all on separate layers. We also do not colour pick the red, but we guess at it. This is good practice, so we can learn to analyse a colour as well as how to use our colour selector. If we’d only pick colours, it would be difficult to understand the relationship between them, so it’s best to attempt matching them by eye. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_03_filling-flowers.png :alt: coloring the details and filling the flowers I chose to make the flower shape opaque quickly by using the *behind* blending mode. This’ll mean Krita is painting the new pixels behind the old ones. Very useful for quickly filling up shapes, just don’t forget to go back to *normal* once you’re done. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_04_finished-setup.png :alt: finished setup for making azalea -Now, we’ll put the flowers in the upper left corner, and group them. You can group by making a group layer, and selecting the flower layers in your docker with ctrl + |mouseleft| and dragging them into the group. The reason why we’re putting them in the upper left corner is because we’ll be selecting them a lot, and Krita allows you to select layers with R + |mouseleft| on the canvas quickly. Just hold :kbd:`R` and |mouseleft| the pixels belonging to the layer you want, and Krita will select the layer in the layer docker. +Now, we’ll put the flowers in the upper left corner, and group them. You can group by making a group layer, and selecting the flower layers in your docker with :kbd:`Ctrl` + |mouseleft| and dragging them into the group. The reason why we’re putting them in the upper left corner is because we’ll be selecting them a lot, and Krita allows you to select layers with kbd:`R` + |mouseleft| on the canvas quickly. Just hold :kbd:`R` and |mouseleft| the pixels belonging to the layer you want, and Krita will select the layer in the layer docker. Clone Layers ------------ Now, we will make clusters. What we’ll be doing is that we select a given flower and then make a new clone layer. A clone layer is a layer that is literally a clone of the original. They can’t be edited themselves, but edit the original and the clone layer will follow suit. Clone Layers, and File layers, are our greatest friends when it comes to transform masks, and you’ll see why in a moment. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_05_clonelayer.png :alt: create clone layers of the flowers You’ll quickly notice that our flowers are not good enough for a cluster: we need far more angles on the profile for example. if only there was a way to transform them… but we can’t do that with clone layers. Or can we? Enter Transform Masks! ---------------------- Transform Masks are a really powerful feature introduced in 2.9. They are in fact so powerful, that when you first use them, you can’t even begin to grasp where to use them. Transform masks allow us to do a transform operation onto a layer, any given layer, and have it be completely dynamic! This includes our clone layer flowers! How to use them: |mouseright| the layer you want to do the transform on, and add a **Transform mask.** A transform mask should now have been added. You can recognise them by the little ‘scissor’ icon. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_06_transformmask.png :alt: adding transform masks to the cloned layers Now, with the transform mask selected, select the |tooltransform|, and rotate our clone layer. Apply the transform. You know you’re successful when you can hide the transform mask, and the layer goes back to its original state! You can even go and edit your transform! Just activate the |tooltransform| again while on a transform mask, and you will see the original transform so you can edit it. If you go to a different transform operation however, you will reset the transform completely, so watch out. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_07_clusters.png :alt: adding more clusters We’ll be only using affine transformations in this tutorial (which are the regular and perspective transform), but this can also be done with warp, cage and liquify, which’ll have a bit of a delay (3 seconds to be precise). This is to prevent your computer from being over-occupied with these more complex transforms, so you can keep on painting. We continue on making our clusters till we have a nice arrangement. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_08_leaves.png :alt: making leaves Now do the same thing for the leaves. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_09_paintingoriginals.png :alt: painting originals Now, if you select the original paint layers and draw on them, you can see that all clone masks are immediately updated! Above you can see there’s been a new view added so we can focus on painting the flower and at the same time see how it’ll look. You can make a new view by going :menuselection:`window --> new view` and selecting the name of your current canvas (save first!). Views can be rotated and mirrored differently. Now continue painting the original flowers and leaves, and we’ll move over to adding extra shadow to make it seem more lifelike! .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_10_alphainheritance_1.png :alt: using the alpha inheritance We’re now going to use *Alpha Inheritance*. Alpha inheritance is an ill-understood concept, because a lot of programs use *clipping masks* instead, which clip the layer’s alpha using only the alpha of the first next layer. Alpha inheritance, however, uses all layers in a stack, so all the layers in the group that haven’t got alpha inheritance active themselves, or all the layers in the stack when the layer isn’t in a group. Because most people have an opaque layer at the bottom of their layer stack, alpha inheritance doesn’t seem to do much. But for us, alpha inheritance is useful, because we can use all clone-layers in a cluster (if you grouped them), transformed or not, for clipping. Just draw a light blue square over all the flowers in a given cluster. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_11_alphainheritance_2.png :alt: clipping the cluster with alpha inheritance Then press the last icon in the layer stack, the alpha-inherit button, to activate alpha-inheritance. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_12_alphainheritance_3.png :alt: activate alpha inheritance Set the layer to *multiply* then, so it’ll look like everything’s darker blue. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_13_alphainheritance_4.png :alt: multiplying the clipped shape Then, with multiply and alpha inheritance on, use an eraser to remove the areas where there should be no shadow. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_14_alphainheritance_5.png :alt: remove extra areas with the eraser For the highlights use exactly the same method, AND exactly the same colour, but instead set the layer to Divide (you can find this amongst the Arithmetic blending modes). Using Divide has exactly the opposite effect as using multiply with the same colour. The benefit of this is that you can easily set up a complementary harmony in your shadows and highlights using these two. .. image:: /images/en/making-azalea/Azelea_15_alphainheritance_6.png :alt: add shadows and highlights with alpha inheritance technique Do this with all clusters and leaves, and maybe on the whole plant (you will first need to stick it into a group layer given the background is opaque) and you’re done! Transform masks can be used on paint layers, vector layers, group layers, clone layers and even file layers. I hope this tutorial has given you a nice idea on how to use them, and hope to see much more use of the transform masks in the future! You can get the file I made `here `_ to examine it further! (Caution: It will freeze up Krita if your version is below 2.9.4. The speed-ups in 2.9.4 are due to this file.) diff --git a/user_manual/animation.rst b/user_manual/animation.rst index e5df01464..c0b74914b 100644 --- a/user_manual/animation.rst +++ b/user_manual/animation.rst @@ -1,303 +1,303 @@ .. meta:: :description: Detailed guide on the animation workflow in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Scott Petrovic - Lundin :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Animation .. _animation: ==================== Animation with Krita ==================== Thanks to the 2015 Kickstarter, :program:`Krita 3.0` now has animation. In specific, :program:`Krita` has frame-by-frame raster animation. There's still a lot of elements missing from it, like tweening, but the basic workflow is there. To access the animation features, the easiest way is to change your workspace to Animation. This will make the animation dockers and workflow appear. Animation curves ---------------- To create an animation curve (currently only for opacity) expand the “New Frame” button in the “Animation” dock and click “Add Opacity Keyframe”. You can now edit the keyframed value for opacity directly in the “Layers” dock, adding more keyframes will by default fade from the last to the next upcoming keyframe in the timeline over the frames between them. See :ref:`animation curves ` for details Workflow --------- In traditional animation workflow, what you do is that you make *key frames*, which contain the important poses, and then draw frames in between (\ *tweening* in highly sophisticated animator's jargon). For this workflow, there are three important dockers: #. The :ref:`timeline_docker`. View and control all of the frames in your animation. The timeline docker also contains functions to manage your layers. The layer that are created in the timeline docker also appear on the normal Layer docker. #. The :ref:`animation_docker`. This docker contains the play buttons as the ability to change the frame-rate, playback speed and useful little options like :guilabel:`auto-key framing`. #. The :ref:`onion_skin_docker`. This docker controls the look of the onion skin, which in turn is useful for seeing the previous frame. Introduction to animation: How to make a walkcycle -------------------------------------------------- The best way to get to understand all these different parts is to actually use them. Walk cycles are considered the most basic form of a full animation, because of all the different parts involved with them. Therefore, going over how one makes a walkcycle should serve as a good introduction. Setup ~~~~~ First, we make a new file: .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_01.png On the first tab, we type in a nice ratio like 1280x1024, set the dpi to 72 (we're making this for screens after all) and title the document 'walkcycle'. In the second tab, we choose a nice background color, and set the background to canvas-color. This means that Krita will automatically fill in any transparent bits with the background color. You can change this in :menuselection:`image --> image properties`. This seems to be most useful to people doing animation, as the layer you do animation on MUST be semi-transparent to get onion skinning working. .. note:: Krita has a bunch of functionality for meta-data, starting at the :guilabel:`create document` screen. The title will be automatically used as a suggestion for saving and the description can be used by databases, or for you to leave comments behind. Not many people use it individually, but it can be useful for working in larger groups. Then hit create! Then, to get all the necessary tools for animation, select the workspace switcher: .. figure:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_02.png The red arrow points at the workspace switcher. And select the animation workspace. Which should result in this: .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_03.png The animation workspace adds the timeline, animation and onion skin dockers at the bottom. Animating ~~~~~~~~~ We have two transparent layers set up. Let's name the bottom one 'environment' and the top 'walkcycle' by double clicking their names in the layer docker. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_04.png Use the straight line tool to draw a single horizontal line. This is the ground. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_05.png Then, select the 'walkcycle' layer and draw a head and torso (you can use any brush for this). Now, selecting a new frame will not make a new frame automatically. Krita doesn't actually see the 'walkcycle' layer as an animated layer at all! .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_06.png We can make it animatable by adding a frame to the timeline. |mouseright| a frame in the timeline to get a context menu. Choose New Frame .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_07.png You can see it has become an animated layer because of the onion skin icon showing up in the timeline docker. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_08.png Use the to copy frame to copy the -first frame onto the second. Then, use the with shift+↑ to move the +first frame onto the second. Then, use the with :kbd:`Shift + ↑` to move the frame contents up. We can see the difference by turning on the onionskinning: .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_09.png Now, you should see the previous frame as red. .. warning:: Krita sees white as a color, not as transparent, so make sure the animation layer you are working on is transparent in the bits where there's no drawing. You can fix the situation by use the :ref:`filter_color_to_alpha` filter, but prevention is best. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_10.png Future frames are drawn in green, and both colors can be configured in the onion skin docker. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_11.png Now, we're gonna draw the two extremes of the walkcycle. These are the pose where both legs are as far apart as possible, and the pose where one leg is full stretched and the other pulled in, read to take the next step. Now, let's copy these two... We could do that with :kbd:`Ctrl+drag`, but here comes a tricky bit: .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_12.png Ctrl+ also selects and deselects frames, so to copy... - drag select all the frames you want to select. - Ctrl+++drag. You need to make sure the first frame is 'orange', otherwise it won't be copied along. Now then... .. figure:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_13.png :width: 580 squashed the timeline docker a bit to save space #. Copy frame 0 to frame 2 #. Copy frame 1 to frame 3 #. In the animation docker, set the frame-rate to 4 #. select all frames in the timeline docker by dragging-selecting them. #. press play in the animation docker. #. Enjoy your first animation! Expanding upon your rough walkcycle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_14.png You can quickly make some space by :kbd:`Alt+dragging` any frame. This'll move that frame and all others after it in one go. Then draw inbetweens on each frame that you add .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_16.png You'll find that the more frames you add, the more difficult it becomes to keep track of the onion skins. You can modify the onion skin by using the onion skin docker, where you can change how many frames are visible at once, by toggling them on the top row. The bottom row is for controlling transparency, while below there you can modify the colors and extremity of the coloring. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_15.png Animating with multiple layers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Okay, our walkcycle is missing some hands, let's add them on a separate layer. So we make a new layer, and name it hands and... .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_17.png Our walkcycle is gone from the time-line docker! This is a feature actually. A full animation can have so many little parts that an animator might want to remove the layers they're not working on from the timeline docker. So you manually have to add them. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_18.png You can show any given layer in the timeline by doing on the layer in the layer docker, and toggling :guilabel:`show in timeline`. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_19.png Exporting ~~~~~~~~~ When you are done, select :menuselection:`File --> Export Animation` .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_20.png It's recommended to save out your file as a png, and preferably in its own folder. Krita can currently only export png sequences. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_21.png When pressing done, you can see the status of the export in the status bar below. .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_22.png The images should be saved out as filenameXXX.png, giving their frame number. Then use something like Gimp (Linux, OSX, Windows), ImageMagick (Linux, OSX, Windows), or any other gif creator to make a gif out of your image sequence: .. image:: /images/en/Introduction_to_animation_walkcycle_02.gif For example, you can use `VirtualDub `__\ (Windows) and open all the frames and then go to File → Export → GIF Enjoy your walkcycle! .. note:: Krita 3.1 has a render animation feature. If you're using the 3.1 beta, check out the :ref:`render_animation` page for more information! Importing animation frames -------------------------- You can import animation frames in Krita 3.0. First let us take a sprite sheet from Open Game Art.(This is the Libre Pixel Cup male walkcycle) And we'll use :menuselection:`Image --> Split Image to split up the sprite sheet`. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_split_spritesheet.png The slices are even, so for a sprite sheet of 9 sprites, use 8 vertical slices and 0 horizontal slices. Give it a proper name and save it as png. Then, make a new canvas, and select :menuselection:`File --> Import Animation Frames`. This will give you a little window. Select :guilabel:`Add images`. This should get you a file browser where you can select your images. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_import_sprites.png You can select multiple images at once. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_set_everything.png The frames are currently automatically ordered. You can set the ordering with the top-left two drop-down boxes. Start Indicates at which point the animation should be imported. Step Indicates the difference between the imported animation and the document frame rate. This animation is 8 frames big, and the fps of the document is 24 frames, so there should be a step of 3 to keep it even. As you can see, the window gives feedback on how much fps the imported animation would be with the currently given step. Press OK, and your animation should be imported as a new layer. .. image:: /images/en/Animation_import_done.png Reference --------- - https://community.kde.org/Krita/Docs/AnimationGuiFeaturesList - `The source for the libre pixel cup male walkmediawiki cycle `_ diff --git a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_photoshop.rst b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_photoshop.rst index a51da0043..354bd5b44 100644 --- a/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_photoshop.rst +++ b/user_manual/introduction_from_other_software/introduction_from_photoshop.rst @@ -1,390 +1,392 @@ .. meta:: :description: This is a introduction to Krita for users coming from Photoshop. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - David Revoy, davidrevoy@gmail.com - Inge Wallin, inge.wallin@kogmbh.com - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier, griffinvalley@gmail.com - AnetK - JakeD - Radianart - Raghavendra Kamath :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Photoshop .. _introduction_from_photoshop: =========================================== Introduction to Krita coming from Photoshop =========================================== Introduction ------------ -This document gives an introduction to Krita for users who have been using PhotoShop. The intention is to make you productive in Krita as fast as possible and ease the conversion of old habits into new ones. +This document gives an introduction to Krita for users who have been using Photoshop. The intention is to make you productive in Krita as fast as possible and ease the conversion of old habits into new ones. This introduction is written with Krita version 2.9 and Photoshop CS2 and CS3 in mind. But even though things may change in the future, the basics will most likely remain the same. The first thing to remember is that Krita is a 2D paint application while Photoshop (PS) is an image manipulation program. This means that PS has more features than Krita in general, but Krita has the tools that are relevant to digital painting. When you get used to Krita, you will find that Krita has some features that are not part of PS. Krita Basics ------------ This chapter covers how you use Krita in the basic operations compared to PS. View and Display ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Navigation ^^^^^^^^^^ In Krita you can navigate your document using all these methods: #. '*Mouse wheel*': |mousescroll| down and up for zoom, and press |mousemiddle| down to pan your document. #. '*Keyboard*': with :kbd:`+` and :kbd:`-` on your numpad keyboard #. As in Photoshop, Painter, Manga Studio: :kbd:`Ctrl + Space` to zoom, and :kbd:`Space` to pan. .. note:: If you add :kbd:`Alt` and so do a :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + Space` you’ll have a discrete zoom. Rotation ^^^^^^^^ Rotate the canvas with :kbd:`Shift + Space`, or :kbd:`Ctrl + [` and :kbd:`Ctrl + ]` or with 4 or 6. Reset the rotation with 5. Mirror ^^^^^^ Press :kbd:`M` to see your drawing or painting mirrored in the viewport. Move and Transform ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Moving and Transformation of contents is done using tools in Krita. You can then find them in the toolbar. If you are familiar with the way to move layers in PS by holding down :kbd:`Ctrl`, you can do the same in Krita by pressing the :kbd:`T` key for the move tool (think ‘T’ranslate) or :kbd:`Ctrl + T` for transform tool. Press :kbd:`B` to go back to the brush tool when the transformation or translation is done. To find how to make advanced deformations using the :guilabel:`Transform` tool, do not right-click on the on-canvas widget: all the option are in the :guilabel:`Tool Options` docker. Changes can be applied with :kbd:`Enter` for the Transform tool. .. note:: Move tool changes are auto-applied. Selections ~~~~~~~~~~ Like in PS, you can use :kbd:`Alt` or :kbd:`Shift` during a selection to remove or add selection to the active selection. Krita also offers sub tools for this, and you can select them in the :guilabel:`Tool Options` if a select tool is active. These sub tools are represented as icons. You can switch to those sub modes by pressing: * :kbd:`R` to replace selection * :kbd:`T` to intersect * :kbd:`A` to add to the selection (this is the one you will want to use often) * :kbd:`S` to subtract from the selection (the other one popular) Or hold: + * :kbd:`Alt` to subtract from the selection * :kbd:`Shift` to add to the selection * :kbd:`Alt + Shift` to intersect .. note:: - You cannot press :kbd:`Ctrl` to move the content of the selection (you have to press :kbd:`T` or select the :guilabel:`Move Tool`. + You cannot press :kbd:`Ctrl` to move the content of the selection (you have to press :kbd:`T` or select the :guilabel:`Move Tool`). Some other tips: + * If you want to convert a layer to a selection (to select the visible pixels), right-click on the layer docker, and choose :guilabel:`Select Opaque`. * If you use a polygonal selection tool, or a selection which needs to be ‘closed’, you will be able to do it or by using a double-click, or by using a :kbd:`Shift` - |mouseleft| . You can scale selection. To do this, choose :menuselection:`Select --> Scale`. .. note:: Also, in the :guilabel:`Select` menu there are more classical options to grow, shrink, feather, border, etc. If you enable :guilabel:`Show Global Selection Mask` (:guilabel:`Select` menu) you can scale/rotate/transform/move or paint on selection like on regular greyscale layer. * :kbd:`Ctrl + H`: Show / Hide selection (same shortcut) * :kbd:`Ctrl + A`: Select All * :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + A`: deselect All (and not :kbd:`Ctrl + D` as in PS) Note for Gimp user: Krita auto-expands and auto defloats new layers created from a selection after a :kbd:`Ctrl + C`, :kbd:`Ctrl + V` so you do not have to worry about not being able to paint outside the pasted element. .. note:: This doesn't work as intended right now. Intersect is a selection mode which uses :kbd:`T` as the shortcut. However :kbd:`T` is also used to switch to the :guilabel:`Move tool` so this shortcut is not functional right now. You have to use the button on the :guilabel:`Tool Options`. Layer Handling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The most common shortcuts are very similar in PS and Krita: * :kbd:`Ctrl + J`: duplicate * :kbd:`Ctrl + E`: merge down * :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + E`: flattens all (not :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + M` as in PS) * :kbd:`Ins`: insert a new paint layer * :kbd:`Ctrl + G`: create new layer group and move selected layers to this group Groups and Blending Mode (Composite Mode): ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The group blending mode in Krita has priority over child layers and overrides it. This can be surprising for Photoshop users. On Photoshop you can use groups to just clean your layer stack and keep blending mode of your layer compositing through all the stack. In Krita the compositing will happen at first level inside the group, then taking into account the blending mode of the group itself. Both systems have pros and cons. Krita’s way is more predictable according to some artists, compositing-wise. The PS way leads to a cleaner and better ordered layer stack visually wise. Multi Layer Transform or Move ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ You can select multiple layers on the stack by holding down Shift as in PS, and if you move the layer inside a group you can move or transform the whole group - including doing selection on the group and cut all the sub layers inside on the fly. You can not apply filters to group to affect multiple layers. Clipping Masks ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Krita has no clipping mask, but there is a workaround involving layer groups and :guilabel:`Inherit alpha` (see the alpha icon). Place a layer with the shape you want to clip the other with at the bottom of a group and layers above with the :guilabel:`Inherit alpha` option. This will create the same effect as the “clipping mask” PS feature. This process of arranging groups for inherit alpha can be done automatically by :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + G` shortcut. It creates a group with base layer and a layer above it with inherit alpha option checked by default. Pass-through mode ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This is available in Krita, but not implemented as a blending mode. Rather, it is an option next to ‘inherit alpha’ on group layers. Smart Layers ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Instead of having smart layers that you can do non-destructive transforms on, Krita has the following set of functionality: File Layers These are layers which point to an outside file, and will get automatically updated if the outside file changes. Clone Layers These are layers that are an ‘instance’ of the layer you had selected when creating them. They get updated automatically when the original layer updates. Transform Masks These can be used to non-destructive transform all layer types, including the file and clone layers. Filter Masks Like adjustment layers, these can apply filters non-destructively to all layer types, including file and clone layers. Layer styles ^^^^^^^^^^^^ You can apply Photoshop layerstyles in Krita by right clicking any given layer type and selecting ‘layer style’ from the context menu. Krita can open and save ASL files, but not all layer style functionality is there yet. Other ^^^^^ Layers and groups can be exported. See the :guilabel:`Layer` top menu for this and many other options. .. note:: Krita has at least 5 times more blending modes than PS. They are sorted by categories in the drop down menu. You can use the checkbox to add your most used to the Favorite categories. Paint tools ~~~~~~~~~~~ This is Krita's strong point. There are many paint tools and they have a lot of options. Tools ^^^^^ In Krita, there is a totally different paradigm for defining what ‘tools’ are compared to PS. Unlike in PS, you will not find the brush, eraser, clone, blur tool, etc. Instead, you will find a *way to trace* your strokes on the canvas: freehand, line, rectangle, circle, multiple brush, etc. When you have selected the ‘way to trace’ you can choose the *way to paint*: erasing / cloning / blurring, etc are all part of *way it paint* managed by the brush-engines options. These brush engine options are saved into so-called *presets*, which you can find on :guilabel:`Brush presets`. You can fine tune, and build your own presets using the :guilabel:`Edit Brush Settings` icon on the top tool bar. Erasing ^^^^^^^ In Krita, the eraser is not a tool, it is a Blending mode (or Composite mode). You can change each brush you have to erase by pressing :kbd:`E`. By pressing :kbd:`E` again you’ll be back to the last blending mode you had selected before pressing :kbd:`E` the first time. Useful shortcuts ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ * :kbd:`Shift`: Grow or Shrink the brush size (or :kbd:`[` and :kbd:`]`). * :kbd:`/`: Switch last preset selected and current (ex: a pencil preset, and an eraser preset). * :kbd:`K` and :kbd:`L`: increment Darker and Lighter value of the active color * :kbd:`I` and :kbd:`O`: increment opacity plus or minus. * :kbd:`D`: Reset color to black/foreground and white/background * :kbd:`X`: Switch background and foreground colors * :kbd:`Shift + I` / :kbd:`Shift + N` / :kbd:`Shift + M`: a set of default keyboard shortcuts for accessing the on-canvas color selector. .. note:: Some people regard these shortcuts as somewhat unfortunate. The reason is that they are meant to be used during painting and left-:kbd:`Shift` is at the opposite end of the keyboard from :kbd:`I`, :kbd:`M` and :kbd:`N`. So for a right-handed painter, this is very difficult to do while using the stylus with a right hand. Note that you can reassign any shortcut by using the shortcut configuration in :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Shortcuts`. Stabilization / Path Smoothing ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Using the freehand ‘paint with brush’ tool that you can find on the Tool Options, more settings for smoothing the path and stabilization of your brush strokes are available. Global pressure curve ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If you find the feeling of Krita too hard or too soft regarding the pressure when you paint, you can set a softer or harder curve here: :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Tablet settings` Adjustment ^^^^^^^^^^ Like in PS, you can use the classic filters to adjust many things while painting: * :kbd:`Ctrl + L` : Levels * :kbd:`Ctrl + U`: HSV adjustment * :kbd:`Ctrl + I`: Invert Dodge / Burn / Blur Tools ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Unlike Photoshop, where these are separate tools, in Krita, they are available via the Filter Brush Engine, which allows you to apply the majority of Krita's filters in brush form. Themes ^^^^^^ If you don’t like the dark default theme of Krita go to: :menuselection:`Settings --> Themes`, and choose a brighter or darker theme. If you don’t like the color outside your viewport go to: :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Display`, and change the Canvas border color. What Krita Has Over Photoshop ----------------------------- As mentioned in the introduction, Krita is a specialized paint application. Thus, it also has specialized tools for painting. Similar tools are not found in more generalized image manipulation applications such as PS. Here is a short list of the most important ones. Brush Engines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita has a lot of different so-called brush engines. These brush engines define various methods on how the pixels end up on your canvas. Brush engines with names like Grid, Particles, Sketch and others will bring you new experiences on how the brushes work and a new landscape of possible results. You can start customizing brushes by using the brush-settings editor, which is accessible via the toolbar, but it's much easier to just press :kbd:`F5`. Tags for brush presets ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is a very useful way to configure brush presets. Each brush can have any amount of tags and be in any group. You can make tag for blending brushes, for texture brushes, for effect brushes, favorites etc. Settings curves ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can set setting to pressure (speed/distance/tilt/random/etc.) relation for each brush setting. .. image:: /images/en/Settings-curves.jpg :align: center The Pop-up Palette ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/en/Krita-popuppalette.png :align: center Easily to be found on |mouseright|, the pop-up palette allows you to quickly access brushes, color history and a color selector within arm's reach. The brushes are determined by tag, and pressing the lower-right configure button calls a drop-down to change tags. This allows you to tag brushes in the preset docker by workflow, and quickly access the right brushes for the workflow you need for your image. Transformations ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Krita transformation tool can perform transformations on a group and affect child layers. There are several modes, like free, perspective, warp, the powerful cage and even liquify. Furthermore, you can use transformation masks to apply transforms non-destructively to any layer type, raster, vector group, you name it. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita-transform-mask.png :align: center :figwidth: 800 Transform masks allows non-destructive transforms Incremental Save ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can save your artwork with the pattern : myartworksname_001.kra , myartworksname_002.kra, myartworksname_003.kra etc, by pressing a single key on the keyboard. Krita will increment the final number if the pattern "_XXX" is recognized at the end of the file's name. .. image:: /images/en/Krita-incremental-saves.png :align: center This feature allows you to avoid overwriting your files, and keep track to your older version and work in progress steps. Color to alpha Filter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you want to delete the white of the paper from a scanned artwork, you can use this filter. It takes a color and turns it into pure transparency. .. image:: /images/en/Krita-color-to-alpha.png :align: center Many Blending Modes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you like using blending modes, Krita has many of them -- over 70! You have plenty of room for experimentation. A special system of favorite blending modes has been created to let you have fast access to the ones you use the most. Painting Assistants ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita has many painting assistants. This is a special type vector shapes with a magnetic influence on your brush strokes. You can use them as rulers, but with other shapes than just straight. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita_basic_assistants.png :align: center :figwidth: 800 Krita's vanishing point assistants in action Multibrushes: Symmetry / Parallel / Mirrored / Snowflake ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita's Multibrush tool allows you to paint with multiple brushes at the same time. Movements of the brushes other than the main brush is created by mirroring what you paint, or duplicating it by any number around any axis. They can also be used in parallel mode. .. image:: /images/en/Krita-multibrush.png :align: center A Wide Variety of Color Selectors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The :guilabel:`Advanced Color Selector` docker offer you a wide choice of color selectors. .. image:: /images/en/Krita_Color_Selector_Types.png :align: center View dependent color filters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using the LUT docker, Krita allows you to have a separate color correction filter per view. While this is certainly useful to people who do color correction in daily life, to the artist this allows for seeing a copy of the image in luminance grayscale, so that they instantly know the values of the image. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita-view-dependant-lut-management.png :align: center :figwidth: 800 Using the LUT docker to change the colors per view HDR color painting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This same LUT docker is the controller for painting with HDR colors. Using the LUT docker to change the exposure on the view, Krita allows you to paint with HDR colors, and has native open exr support! .. figure:: /images/en/Krita-hdr-painting.png :align: center :figwidth: 800 Painting with HDR colors What Krita Does Not Have ------------------------ Again, Krita is a digital paint application and Photoshop is an image manipulation program with some painting features. This means that there are things you can do in PS that you cannot do in Krita. This section gives a short list of these features. Filters ~~~~~~~ Krita has a pretty impressive pack of filters available, but you will probably miss one or two of the special filters or color adjustment tools you often use in Photoshop. For example, there is no possibility to tweak a specific color in HSV adjustment. Automatic healing tool ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Krita does not have an automatic healing tool. It does, however, have a so-called clone tool which can be used to do a healing correction, although not automatically. Macro Recording ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Macro recording and playback exists in Krita, but it is not working well at this time. Text Tool ~~~~~~~~~ The text tool in Krita is less advanced than the similar tool in Photoshop. Blending Modes While Transforming ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When you transform a layer or a selection in Krita, the transformation appears on the top of your layer stack ignoring the layer blending mode. Other ~~~~~ Also, you cannot ‘Export for web’, ‘Image Ready’ for Gif frame or slicing web image, etc Conclusion ---------- Using these tips you will probably be up to speed with Krita in a short time. If you find other things worth mentioning in this document we, the authors, would be interested in hearing about them. Krita develops fast, so we believe that the list of things possible in Photoshop but not in Krita will become shorter in time. We will maintain this document as this happens. diff --git a/user_manual/loading_saving_brushes.rst b/user_manual/loading_saving_brushes.rst index f86a09122..0ff6e6222 100644 --- a/user_manual/loading_saving_brushes.rst +++ b/user_manual/loading_saving_brushes.rst @@ -1,485 +1,485 @@ .. meta:: :description: Detailed guide on the brush settings dialog in Krita as well as how to make your own brushes and how to share them. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Brush Settings .. _loading_saving_brushes: ========================== Loading and Saving Brushes ========================== In the real world, when painting or drawing, you don't just use one tool. You use pencils, erasers, paintbrushes, different types of paint, inks, crayons, etc. All these have different ways of making marks. In a digital program like Krita you have something similar. We call this a brush engine. And much like how cars have different engines that give different feels when driving, or how pencils make distinctly different marks than rollerball pens, different brush engines have totally different feels. The brush engines have a lot of different settings as well. So, you can save those settings into presets. Unlike Photoshop, Krita makes a difference between brush-tips and brush-presets. Tips are only a stamp of sorts, while the preset uses a tip and many other settings to create the full brush. The Brush settings dropdown --------------------------- To start, the Brush Settings Editor panel can be accessed in the toolbar, between the Blending Modes button on the right and the Patterns button on the left. Alternately, you can use the function key :kbd:`F5` to open it. When you open Brush Settings Editor panel you will see something like this: Tour of the brush settings dropdown ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_Brush_Settings_Layout.svg :width: 800 The brush settings drop down is divided into six areas, Section A - General Information ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This contains the **Preset Icon**, **Live Brush Preview**, the **Preset Name**, the **Engine** name, and several buttons for saving, renaming, and reloading. Krita's brush settings are stored into the metadata of a 200x200 png (the KPP file), where the image in the png file becomes the preset icon. This icon is used everywhere in Krita, and is useful for differentiating brushes in ways that the live preview cannot. The live preview shows a stroke of the current brush as a little s-curve wiggle, with the pressure being non-existent on the left, and increasing to full pressure as it goes to the right. It can thus show the effect of the Pressure, Drawing Angle, Distance, Fade and Fuzzy Dab sensors, but none of the others. For some brush engines it cannot show anything. For the color smudge, filter brush and clone tool, it shows an alternating line pattern because these brush engines use the pixels already on canvas to change their effect. After the preset name, there's a button for **renaming** the brush. This will save the brush as a new brush and blacklist the previous name. Engine '''''' The engine of a brush is the underlying programming that generates the stroke from a brush. What that means is that different brush engines have different options and different results. You can see this as the difference between using crayons, pencils and inks, but because computers are maths devices, most of our brush engines produce different things in a more mathematical way. For most artists the mathematical nature doesn't matter as much as the different textures and marks each brush engine, and each brush engine has its own distinct flavor and use, and can be further customized by modifying the options. Reloading ''''''''' If you change a preset, an icon will appear behind the engine name. This is the :guilabel:`reload` button. You can use it to revert to the original brush settings. Saving a preset '''''''''''''''' On the right, there's :guilabel:`Save New Brush Preset` and :guilabel:`Overwrite Brush`. Overwrite Brush This will only enable if there are any changes. Pressing this will override the current preset with the new settings, keeping the name and the icon intact. It will always make a timestamped back up in the resources folder. Save New Brush Preset Will take the current preset and all its changes and save it as a new preset. If no change was made, you will be making a copy of the current preset. Save new preset will call up the following window, with a mini scratch pad, and all sorts of options to change the preset icon: .. image:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_Save_New_Brush_Preset_Dialog.png The image on the left is a mini scratchpad, you can draw on it with the current brush, allowing small modifications on the fly. Brush Name The Name of your brush. This is also used for the KPP file. If there's already a brush with that name, it will effectively overwrite it. Load Existing Thumbnail This will load the existing thumbnail inside the preset. Load scratch pad thumbnail This will load the dashed area from the big scratch pad (Section C) into the thumbnail area. Load Image With this you can choose an image from disk to load as a thumbnail. Load from Icon Library This opens up the icon library. Clear Thumbnail This will make the mini scratch pad white. The Icon Library '''''''''''''''' To make making presets icons faster, Krita got an icon library. .. image:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_Preset_Icon_Library_Dialog.png It allows you to select tool icons, and an optional small emblem. When you press OK it will load the resulting combination into the mini scratch pad and you can draw in the stroke. If you go to your resources folder, there's a folder there called "preset\_icons", and in this folder there are "tool\_icons" and "emblem\_icons". You can add semi-transparent pngs here and Krita will load those into the icon library as well so you can customize your icons even more! At the top right of the icon library, there are three sliders. They allow you to adjust the tool icon. The top two are the same Hue and Saturation as in HSL adjustment, ad the lowest slider is a super simple levels filter. This is done this way because the levels filter allows maintaining the darkest shadows and brightest highlights on a tool icon, making it much better for quick adjustments. If you're done with everything, you can press save in the Save New Preset dialog and Krita will save the new brush. Section B - The Preset Chooser ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The preset chooser is much the same as the preset docker and the preset dropdown on :kbd:`F6`. It's unique in that it allows you to filter by engine and this is also where you can create brushes for an engine from scratch. It is by default collapsed, so you will need to press the arrow at the top left of the brush engine to show it. The top drop down is set to “all” by default, which means it shows all engines. It then shows a tag section where you can select the tags, the preset list and the search bar. Underneath that there's a plus icon, which when pressed gives you the full list of Krita's engines. Selecting an engine from the list will for that engine. The trashcan icon does the same as it does in the preset docker: delete , or rather, blacklist a preset so it won't show up in the list. Section C - The Scratch pad ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ When you tweak your brushes, you want to be able to check what each setting does. That's why, to the right of the settings drop down, there is a scratch pad. It is by default collapsed, so you will have to press the arrow at the top right of the brush settings to show it. When saving a new preset, you can choose to get the icon from the scratch pad, this will load the dash area into the mini scratch pad of the Save New Preset dialog. The scratch pad has five buttons underneath it. These are in order for: #. Showing the current brush image #. Adding a gradient to the scratch pad (useful for smudge brushes) #. Filling with the background color #. Clearing everything on the scratch pad. Section D - The Options List ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The options, as stated above, are different per brush engine. These represent the different parameters, toggles and knobs that you can turn to make a brush preset unique. For a couple of options, the main things to change are sliders and check boxes, but for a lot of them, they use curves instead. Some options can be toggled, as noted by the little check boxes next to them, but others, like flow and opacity are so fundamental to how the brush works, that they are always on. The little padlock icon next to the options is for locking the brush. This has its own page. Section E - Option Configuration Widget ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Where section D is the list of options, section E is the widget where you can change things. Using sensor curves ''''''''''''''''''' One of the big important things that make art unique to the artist who created it is the style of the strokes. Strokes are different because they differ in speed, rotation, direction, and the amount of pressure put onto the stylus. Because these are so important, we would want to customize how these values are understood in detail. The best way to do this is to use curves. Curves show up with the size widget for example. With an inking brush, we want to have size mapped to pressure. Just toggling the size option in the option list will do that. However, different people have different wrists and thus will press differently on their stylus. Someone who presses softly tends to find it easy to make thin strokes, but very difficult to make thick strokes. Conversely, someone who presses hard on their stylus naturally will have a hard time making thin strokes, but easily makes thick ones. Such a situation can be improved by using the curves to map pressure to output thinner lines or thicker ones. The brush settings curves even have quick curve buttons for these at the top. Someone who has a hard time making small strokes should try the second to last concave button, while someone who has a hard time making thick strokes should try the third button, the S shape. Underneath the curve widget there are two more options: Share Curves across all settings This is for the list of sensors. Toggling this will make all the sensors use the same curve. Unchecked, all checked sensors will have separate curves. Curves Calculation Mode This indicates how the multiple values of the sensor curves are used. The curves always go from 0 to 1.0, so if one curve outputs 0.5 and the other 0.7, then... Multiply Will multiply the two values, 0.5\*0.7 = 0.35 Addition Will add the two to a maximum of 1.0, so 0.5+0.7 = 1.2, which is then capped at 1.0. Maximum Will compare the two and pick the largest. So in the case of 0.5 and 0.7, the result is 0.7. Minimum Will compare the two and pick the smallest. So in the case of 0.5 and 0.7, the result is 0.5. Difference Will subtract the smallest value from the largest, so 0.7-0.5 = 0.2 It's maybe better to see with the following example: .. image:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_brush_curve_calculation_mode.png The first two are regular, the rest with different multiplication types. #. Is a brush with size set to the distance sensor. #. Is a brush with the size set to the fade sensor. #. The size is calculated from the fade and distance sensors multiplied. #. The size is calculated from the fade and distance sensors added to each other. Notice how thick it is. #. The size takes the maximum value from the values of the fade and distance sensors. #. The size takes the minimum value from the values of the face and distance sensors. #. The size is calculated by having the largest of the values subtracted with the smallest of the values. Section F - Miscellaneous options ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Temporarily Save Tweaks to Preset (Dirty Presets) This enables dirty presets. Dirty presets store the tweaks you make as long as this session of Krita is active. After that, the revert to default. Dirtied presets can be recognized by the icon in the top-left of the preset. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita_4_0_dirty_preset_icon.png :figwidth: 450 The icon in the top left of the first two presets indicate it is “Dirty”, meaning there are tweaks made to the preset. Eraser Switch Size This switches the brush to a separately stored size when using the :kbd:`E` key. Eraser Switch Opacity Same as above, but then with Eraser opacity. Instant Preview This allows you to toggle instant preview on the brush. The Instant Preview has a super-secret feature: when you press the instant preview label, and then right click it, it will show a threshold slider. This slider determines at what brush size instant preview is activated for the brush. This is useful because small brushes can be slower with instant preview, so the threshold ensures it only activates when necessary. The On-canvas brush settings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are on-canvas brush settings. If you open up the pop-up palette, there should be an icon on the bottom-right. Press that to show the on-canvas brush settings. You will see several sliders here, to quickly make small changes. At the top it shows the currently active preset. Next to that is a settings button, click that to get a list of settings that can be shown and organized for the given brush engine. You can use the up and down arrows to order their position, and then left and right arrows to add or remove from the list. You can also drag and drop. Making a Brush Preset --------------------- Now, let's make a simple brush to test the waters with: Getting a default for the brush engine. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ First, open the settings with F5. Then, press the arrow on the upper left to open the preset chooser. There, press the “+” icon to get a list of engines. For this brush we're gonna make a pixel brush. Example: Making an inking brush ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #. Draw on the scratch pad to see what the current brush looks like. If done correctly, you should have a 5px wide brush that has pressure set to opacity. #. Let us turn off the opacity first. Click on the :ref:`opacity ` option in the right-hand list. The settings should now be changed to a big curve. This is the sensor curve. #. Uncheck the :guilabel:`enable pen settings` checkbox. #. Test on the scratch pad... there still seems to be something affecting opacity. This is due to the :ref:`flow ` option. #. Select the Flow option from the list on the right hand. Flow is like Opacity, except that Flow is per dab, and opacity is per stroke. #. Uncheck the :guilabel:`enable pen settings` checkbox here as well. Test again. #. Now you should be getting somewhere towards an inking brush. It is still too small however, and kinda grainy looking. Click :ref:`Brush Tip ` in the brush engine options. #. Here, the diameter is the size of the brush-tip. You can touch the slider change the size, or right-click it and type in a value. Set it to 25 and test again. It should be much better. #. Now to make the brush feel a bit softer, turn down the fade parameter to about 0.9. This'll give the *brush mask* a softer edge. #. If you test again, you'll notice the fade doesn't seem to have much effect. This has to do with the spacing of the dabs: The closer they are together, the harder the line is. By default, this is 0.1, which is a bit low. If you set it to 10 and test, you'll see what kind of effect spacing has. The :ref:`Auto ` checkbox changes the way the spacing is calculated, and Auto Spacing with a value of 0.8 is the best value for inking brushes. Don't forget that you can use right-click to type in a value. #. Now, when you test, the fade seems to have a normal effect... except on the really small sizes, which look pixelly. To get rid of that, check the anti-aliasing check box. If you test again, the lines should be much nicer now. Saving the new Brush ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When you're satisfied, go to the upper left and select “save new preset”. You will get the save preset dialog. Name the brush something like “My Preset”. Then, select “Load from Icon Library” to get the icon library. Choose a nice tool icon and press OK. The icon will be loaded into the mini scratch pad on the left. Now doodle a nice stroke next to it. If you feel you messed up, just go back to the icon library to load a new icon. Finally press “save”, and your brush should be done. You can further modify your inking brush by... Changing the amount of pressure you need to put on a brush to make it full size. To do this, select the :ref:`size ` option, and press the pressure sensor from the list next to the curve. The curve should look like a straight line. Now if you want a brush that gets big with little pressure, tick on the curve to make a point, and drag the point to the upper-left. The more the point is to the upper-left, the more extreme the effect. If you want instead a brush that you have to press really hard on to get to full size, drag the dot to the lower-right. Such a brush is useful for fine details. Don't forget to save the changes to your brush when done. Making the fine lines look even softer by using the flow option. To do this, select the flow option, and turn back on the enable pen settings check box. Now if you test this, it is indeed a bit softer, but maybe a bit too much. Click on the curve to make a dot, and drag that dot to the top-left, half-way the horizontal of the first square of the grid. Now, if you test, the thin lines are much softer, but the hard your press, the harder the brush becomes. Sharing Brushes --------------- Okay, so you've made a new brush and want to share it. There are several ways to share a brush preset. The recommended way to share brushes and presets is by using the resource bundle system. We have detailed instructions on how to use them on the :ref:`resource management page `. However, there are various old-fashioned ways of sharing brushes that can be useful when importing and loading very old packs: Sharing a single preset ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are three types of resources a single preset can take: #. A Paintoppreset file: This is the preset proper, with the icon and the curves stored inside. #. A Brush file: This is the brush tip. When using masked brushes, there's two of these. #. A Pattern file: this is when you are using textures. So when you have a brush that uses unique predefined tips for either brush tip or masked brush, or unique textures you will need to share those resources as well with the other person. To find those resources, go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources --> Open Resource Folder`. There, the preset file will be inside paintoppresets, the brush tips inside brushes and the texture inside patterns. Importing a single KPP file. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Now, if you want to use the single preset, you should go to the preset -chooser on f6 and press the folder icon there. This will give a file +chooser on :kbd:`F6` and press the folder icon there. This will give a file dialog. Navigate to the kpp file and open it to import it. If there are brush tips and patterns coming with the file, do the same with pattern via the pattern docker, and for the brush-tip go to the settings dropdown (:kbd:`F5`) and then go to the “brush-tip” option. There, select predefined brush, and then the “import” button to call up the file dialog. Sharing via ZIP (old-fashioned) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sharing via ZIP should be replaced with resource bundles, but older brush packs are stored in zip files. Using a ZIP with the relevant files. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ #. Go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Manage Resources --> Open Resource Folder` to open the resource folder. #. Then, open up the zip file. #. Copy the brushes, paintoppresets and patterns folders from the zip file to the resource folder. You should get a prompt to merge the folders, agree to this. #. Restart Krita #. Enjoy your brushes! diff --git a/user_manual/painting_with_assistants.rst b/user_manual/painting_with_assistants.rst index 145788d45..a810e9b72 100644 --- a/user_manual/painting_with_assistants.rst +++ b/user_manual/painting_with_assistants.rst @@ -1,269 +1,269 @@ .. meta:: :description: How to use the painting assistants in Krita to draw perspectives. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: ! Painting Assistants .. _painting_with_assistants: ======================== Painting with Assistants ======================== The assistant system allows you to have a little help while drawing straight lines or circles. They can function as a preview shape, or you can snap onto them with the freehand brush tool. In the tool options of free hand brush, you can toggle 'snap to assistant' to turn on snapping. .. figure:: /images/en/Krita_basic_assistants.png :alt: Krita's vanishing point assistants in action :width: 800 Krita's vanishing point assistants in action The following assistants are available in Krita: Types ------ There are several types in Krita. You can select a type of assistant via the tool options docker. .. _assistant_ellipse: Ellipse ~~~~~~~ An assistant for drawing ellipses and circles. This assistant consists of three points: the first two are the axis of the ellipse, and the last one is to determine its width. Concentric Ellipse The same an ellipse, but allows for making ellipses that are concentric to each other. -If you press shift while holding the first two handles, they will snap -to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press Shift while holding the +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the first two handles, they will snap +to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the third handle, and it'll snap to a perfect circle. .. _assistant_perspective: Perspective ~~~~~~~~~~~ This ruler takes four points and creates a perspective grid. This grid can be used with the 'perspective' sensor, which can influence brushes. -If you press shift while holding any of the corner handles, they'll snap +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding any of the corner handles, they'll snap to one of the other corner handles, in sets. .. _assistant_ruler: Ruler ~~~~~ There are three assistants in this group: Ruler Helps create a straight line between two points. Infinite Ruler Extrapolates a straight line beyond the two visible points on the canvas. Parallel Ruler This ruler allows you to draw a line parallel to the line between the two points anywhere on the canvas. -If you press shift while holding the first two handles, they will snap +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the first two handles, they will snap to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. .. _assistant_spline: Spline ~~~~~~ This assistant allows you to position and adjust four points to create a cubic bezier curve. You can then draw along the curve, snapping your brush stroke directly to the curve line. Perfect curves every time! -If you press shift while holding the first two handles, they will snap -to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press shift while holding the +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the first two handles, they will snap +to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the third or fourth handle, they will snap relative to the handle they are attached to. .. _assistant_vanishing_point: Vanishing Point ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This assistant allows you to create a vanishing point, typically used for a horizon line. A preview line is drawn and all your snapped lines are drawn to this line. It is one point, with four helper points to align it to previously created perspective lines. They are made and manipulated with the :ref:`assistant_tool`. -If you press shift while holding the center handle, they will snap to +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the center handle, they will snap to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines depending on the position of where it previously was. .. versionchanged:: 4.1 The vanishing point assistant also shows several general lines. When you've just created, or when you've just moved a vanishing point assistant, it will be selected. This means you can modify the amount of lines shown in the tool options of the :ref:`assistant_tool`. .. _assistant_fish_eye: Fish Eye Point ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Like the vanishing point assistant, this assistant is per a set of parallel lines in a 3d space. So to use it effectively, use two, where the second is at a 90 degrees angle of the first, and add a vanishing point to the center of both. Or combine one with a parallel ruler and a vanishing point, or even one with two vanishing points. The possibilities are quite large. This assistant will not just give feedback/snapping between the vanishing points, but also give feedback to the relative left and right of the assistant. This is so you can use it in edge-cases like panoramas with relative ease. -If you press shift while holding the first two handles, they will snap -to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press shift while holding the +If you press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the first two handles, they will snap +to perfectly horizontal or vertical lines. Press :kbd:`Shift` while holding the third handle, and it'll snap to a perfect circle. Tutorials ^^^^^^^^^ Check out this in depth discussion and tutorial on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhEv2pw3EuI .. index:: Technical Drawing, Perspective Setting up Krita for technical drawing-like perspectives -------------------------------------------------------- So now that you've seen the wide range of drawing assistants that Krita offers, here is an example of how using these assistants you can set up Krita for technical drawing. This tutorial below should give you an idea of how to set up the assistants for specific types of technical views. If you want to instead do the true projection, check out :ref:`the projection category `. Orthographic ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Orthographic is a mode where you try to look at something from the left or the front. Typically, you try to keep everything in exact scale with each other, unlike perspective deformation. The key assistant you want to use here is the Parallel Ruler. You can set these up horizontally or vertically, so you always have access to a Grid. Axonometric ~~~~~~~~~~~ All of these are set up using three Parallel Rulers. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_oblique.png Oblique For oblique, set two parallel rulers to horizontal and vertical, and one to an angle, representing depth. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_dimetric.png Dimetric & Isometric Isometric perspective has technically all three rulers set up at 120° from each other. Except when it's game isometric, then it's a type of dimetric projection where the diagonal values are a 116.565° from the main. The latter can be easily set up by snapping the assistants to a grid. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_trimetric.png Trimetric Is when all the angles are slightly different. Often looks like a slightly angled isometric. Linear Perspective ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_1_point_perspective.png 1 Point Perspective A 1 point perspective is set up using 1 vanishing point, and two crossing perpendicular parallel rulers. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_2_point_perspective.png 2 Point Perspective A 2 point perspective is set up using 2 vanishing point and 1 vertical parallel ruler. Often, putting the vanishing points outside the frame a little can decrease the strength of it. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_2_pointperspective_02.png .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_3_point_perspective.png 3 Point Perspective A 3 point perspective is set up using 3 vanishing point rulers. Logic of the vanishing point ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There's a little secret that perspective tutorials don't always tell you, and that's that a vanishing point is the point where any two parallel lines meet. This means that a 1 point perspective and 2 point perspective are virtually the same. We can prove this via a little experiment. That good old problem: drawing a rail-road. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_vanishing_point_logic_01.png You are probably familiar with the problem: How to determine where the next beam is going to be, as perspective projection will make them look closer together. Typically, the solution is to draw a line in the middle and then draw lines diagonally across. After all, those lines are parallel, meaning that the exact same distance is used. .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_vanishing_point_logic_02.png But because they are parallel, we can use a vanishing point assistant instead, and we use the alignment handles to align it to the diagonal of the beam, and to the horizontal (here marked with red). That diagonal can then in turn be used to determine the position of the beams: .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_vanishing_point_logic_03.png Because any given set of lines has a vanishing point (outside of the ones flat on the view-plane), there can be an infinite amount of vanishing points in a linear perspective. Therefore, Krita allows you to set vanishing points yourself instead of forcing you to only use a few. Fish Eye perspective ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fish eye perspective works much the same as the linear perspective, the big difference being that in a fish-eye perspective, any parallel set of lines has two vanishing points, each for one side. So, to set them up, the easiest way is one horizontal, one vertical, on the same spot, and one vanishing point assistant in the middle. .. image:: /images/en/Fish-eye.gif But, you can also make one horizontal one that is just as big as the other horizontal one, and put it halfway: .. image:: /images/en/Assistants_fish-eye_2_02.png diff --git a/user_manual/selections.rst b/user_manual/selections.rst index 5acf38493..f035f324d 100644 --- a/user_manual/selections.rst +++ b/user_manual/selections.rst @@ -1,131 +1,130 @@ .. meta:: :description: How selections work in Krita. .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Scott Petrovic - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Hulmanen :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Selection .. _selections_basics: ========== Selections ========== Selections allow you to pick a specific area of your artwork to change. There are many selection tools available that select in different ways. Once an area is selected, most tools will stay inside that area. On that area you can draw or use gradients to quickly get colored and/or shaded shapes with hard edges. Creating Selections ------------------- The most common selection tools all exist at the bottom of the toolbox. Each tool selects things slightly differently. The links for each tool go into a more detailed description of how to use it. .. csv-table:: :ref:`rectangle_selection_tool` , |toolselectrect|, Select the shape of a square. :ref:`ellipse_selection_tool` , |toolselectellipse|, Select the shape of a circle. - :ref:`polygonal_selection_tool` , |toolselectpolygon|, Click where you want each point of the Polygon to be. Double click to end your polygon and finalize your selection area. Use Shift + Z to undo last point. + :ref:`polygonal_selection_tool` , |toolselectpolygon|, Click where you want each point of the Polygon to be. Double click to end your polygon and finalize your selection area. Use :kbd:`Shift + Z` to undo last point. :ref:`outline_selection_tool` , |toolselectoutline|, Outline/Lasso tool is used for a rough selection by drawing the outline. :ref:`similar_selection_tool` , |toolselectsimilar|, Similar Color Selection Tool :ref:`contiguous_selection_tool` , |toolselectcontiguous|, "Contiguous or “Magic Wand” selects a field of color, Adjust the fuzziness to allow more changes in the field of color, by default limited to the current layer." :ref:`path_selection_tool` , |toolselectpath|, "Path select an area based on a vector path, click to get sharp corners or drag to get flowing lines and close the path with enter or connecting back to the first point." .. note:: You can also use the transform tools on your selection, a great way to try different proportions on parts of your image. Editing Selections ------------------ The tool options for each selection tool gives you the ability to modify your selection. +-------------+---------------+------------+ | Action | Modifier | Shortcut | +-------------+---------------+------------+ | Replace | Ctrl | R | +-------------+---------------+------------+ | Intersect | Shift + Alt | -- | +-------------+---------------+------------+ | Add | Shift | A | +-------------+---------------+------------+ | Subtract | Alt | S | +-------------+---------------+------------+ Removing Selections ------------------- If you want to delete the entire selection, the easiest way is to deselect everything. :menuselection:`Select --> Deselect`. Shortcut :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + A`. Display Modes ------------- In the bottom left-hand corner of the status bar there is a button to toggle how the selection is displayed. The two display modes are the following: (Marching) Ants and Mask. The red color with Mask can be changed in the preferences. You can edit the color under :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Display --> Selection Overlay`. If there is no selection, this button will not do anything. .. image:: /images/en/Ants-displayMode.jpg Ants display mode (default) is best if you want to see the areas that are not selected. .. image:: /images/en/Mask-displayMode.jpg Mask display mode is good if you are interested in seeing the various transparency levels for your selection. For example, you can create a selection with a gradient. Global Selection Mask (Painting a Selection) -------------------------------------------- The global Selection Mask is your selection that appears on the layers docker. By default, this is hidden, so you will need to make it visible via :menuselection:`Select --> Show Global Selection Mask`. .. image:: /images/en/Global-selection-mask.jpg Once the global Selection Mask is shown, you will need to create a selection. The benefit of using this is that you can paint your selection using any of the normal painting tools. The information is saved as grayscale. You might want to switch to the Mask display mode if it is difficult to see the results. Selection from layer transparency --------------------------------- You can create a selection based on a layer's transparency by right-clicking on the layer in the layer docker and selecting “Select Opaque” from the context menu. Pixel and Vector Selection Types -------------------------------- Vector selections allow you to modify your selection with vector anchor tools. Pixel selections allow you to modify selections with pixel information. They both have their benefits and disadvantages. You can convert one type of selection to another. .. image:: /images/en/Vector-pixel-selections.jpg When creating a selection, you can select what type of selection you want from the Mode in the selection tool options: Pixel or Vector. Vector selections can modify as any other vector shape with the “Shape Handle” tool, if you try to paint on a vector selection it will be converted into a pixel selection. Pixel selections can be painted with any tool. You can also convert vector shapes to selection. In turn, vector selections can be made from vector shapes, and vector shapes can be converted to vector selections using the options in the selections menu. Krita will add a new vector layer for this shape. One of the most common reasons to use vector selections is that they give you the ability to move and transform a selection. Moving the selection with a pixel selection will move the content on the layer. Moving the selection on a vector selection will only move the selection. You can also use the path editing tool to change the anchor points in the selection If you started with a pixel selection, you can still convert it to a -vector selection to get these benefits. Go to Select > Convert to Vector -Selection. +vector selection to get these benefits. Go to :menuselection:`Select --> Convert to Vector Selection`. .. note:: If you have multiple levels of transparency when you convert a selection to vector, you will lose the gray values. Common Shortcuts while Using Selections --------------------------------------- - Copy -- :kbd:`Ctrl + C` or :kbd:`Ctrl + Ins` - Paste -- :kbd:`Ctrl + V` or :kbd:`Shift + Ins` - Cut -- :kbd:`Ctrl + X`, :kbd:`Shift + Del` - Copy From All Layers -- :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + C` - Copy Selection to New Layer -- :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + J` - Cut Selection to New Layer -- :kbd:`Ctrl + Shift + J` - Display or hide selection with :kbd:`Ctrl + H` diff --git a/user_manual/working_with_images.rst b/user_manual/working_with_images.rst index 1908e0544..bfee480d9 100644 --- a/user_manual/working_with_images.rst +++ b/user_manual/working_with_images.rst @@ -1,279 +1,279 @@ .. meta:: :description: Detailed steps on how images work in Krita .. metadata-placeholder :authors: - Wolthera van Hövell tot Westerflier - Raghavendra Kamath - Scott Petrovic :license: GNU free documentation license 1.3 or later. .. index:: Image, Document, Raster, Vector, Metadata .. _working_with_images: =================== Working with Images =================== Computers work with files and as a painting program, Krita works with images as the type of file it creates and manipulates. What do Images Contain? ----------------------- If you have a text document, it of course contains letters, strung in the right order, so the computer loads them as coherent sentences. Raster Data ~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the main data on the paint layers you make. So these are the strokes with the paint brush and look pixely up close. A multi-layer file will contain several of such layers, that get overlaid on top of each other so make the final image. A single layer file will usually only contain raster data. Vector Data ~~~~~~~~~~~ These are mathematical operations that tell the computer to draw pixels on a spot. This makes them much more scalable, because you just tell the operation to make the coordinates 4 times bigger to scale it up. Due to this vector data is much more editable, lighter, but at the same time it's also much more CPU intensive. Operation Data ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stuff like the filter layers, that tells Krita to change the colors of a layer, but also transparency masks, group layer and transformation masks are saved to multi-layer files. Being able to load these depend on the software that initially made the file. So Krita can load and save groups, transparency masks and layer effects from PSD, but not load or save transform masks. Metadata -------- Metadata is information like the creation date, author, description and also information like DPI. Image size ---------- The image size is the dimension and resolution of the canvas. Image size has direct effect file size of the Krita document. The more pixels that need to be remembered and the higher the bit depth of the color, the heavier the resulting file will be. DPI/PPI ~~~~~~~ **DPI** stands for *Dots per Inch*, **PPI** stands for *Pixels per Inch*. In printing industry, suppose if your printer prints at 300 **DPI** It means it is actually putting 300 dots of colors in an area equal to an Inch. This means the number of pixels your artwork has in a relative area of an Inch. **DPI** is the concern of the printer, and artists while creating artwork should keep **PPI** in mind. According to the **PPI** you have set, the printers can decide how large your image should be on a piece of paper. Some standards: 72 PPI This is the default PPI of monitors as assumed by all programs. It is not fully correct, as most monitors these days have 125 PPI or even 300 PPI for the retina devices. None the less, when making an image for computer consumption, this is the default. 120 PPI This is often used as a standard for low-quality posters. 300 PPI This is the minimum you should use for quality prints. 600 PPI The quality used for line art for comics. Color depth ~~~~~~~~~~~ We went over color depth in the Color Management page. What you need to understand is that Krita has image color spaces, and layer color spaces, the latter which can save memory if used right. For example, having a line art layer in grayscale can half the memory costs. Image color space vs layer color space vs conversion. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Because there's a difference between image color space and layer color space, you can change only the image color space in :menuselection:`Image --> Properties` which will leave the layers alone. But if you want to change the color space of the file including all the layers you can do it by going to -Image > Convert Image Color Space this will convert all the layers Color space as well. +:menuselection:`Image --> Convert Image Color Space` this will convert all the layers Color space as well. Author and Description ---------------------- .. image:: /images/en/document_information_screen.png Krita will automatically save who created the image into your image's metadata. Along with the other data such as time and date of creation and modification, Krita also shows editing time of a document in the document information dialog, useful for professional illustrators, speed-painters to keep track of the time they worked on artwork for billing purposes. It detects when you haven’t performed actions for a while, and has a precision of +- 60 seconds. You can empty it in the document info dialog and of course by unzipping you .kra file and editing the meta-data there. These things can be edited in :menuselection:`File --> Document Information`, and for the author's information :menuselection:`Settings --> Configure Krita --> Author Information`. Profiles can be switched under :menuselection:`Settings --> Active Author Profile`. Setting the canvas background color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can set the canvas background color via :menuselection:`Image --> Image Background color and Transparency`. This allows you to turn the background color non-transparent and to change the color. This is also useful for certain file formats which force a background color instead of transparency. PNG and JPG export use this color as the default color to fill in transparency if you do not want to export transparency. If you come in from a program like :program:`Paint Tool Sai`, then using this option, or using :guilabel:`Set Canvas Background Color` in the new file options, will allow you to work in a slightly more comfortable environment, where transparency isn't depicted with checkered boxes. Basic transforms ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are some basic transforms available in the image menu. Shear Image This will allow you to skew the whole image and its layers. Rotate This will allow you to rotate the image and all its layers quickly. Mirror Horizontal/Vertical This will allow you to mirror the whole image with all its layers. But there are more options than that... Cropping and resizing the canvas -------------------------------- You can crop and image with the :ref:`crop_tool`, to cut away extra space and improve the composition. Trimming ~~~~~~~~ Using :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Layer`, Krita resizes the image to the dimensions of the layer selected. Useful for when you paste a too large image into the layer and want to resize the canvas to the extent of this layer. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` is a faster cousin to the crop tool, This helps us to resize the canvas to the dimension of any active selection. This is especially useful with right clicking the layer on the layer stack and choosing Select Opaque. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Selection` will then crop the canvas to the selection bounding box. :menuselection:`Image --> Trim to Image Size` is actually for layers, and will trim all layers to the size of the image, making your files lighter by getting rid of invisible data. Resizing the canvas ------------------- You can also resize the canvas via :menuselection:`Image --> Resize Canvas`(or :kbd:`Ctrl + Alt + C`). The dialog box is shown below. .. image:: /images/en/Resize_Canvas.png In this, constraint proportions will make sure the height and width stay in proportion to each other as you change them. Offset makes indicates where the new canvas space is added around the current image. You basically decide where the current image goes (if you press the left-button, it'll go to the center left, and the new canvas space will be added to the right of the image). Another way to resize the canvas according to the need while drawing is when you scroll away from the end of the canvas, you can see an arrow appear. Clicking this will extend the canvas in that direction. You can see the arrow marked in red in the example below .. image:: /images/en/Infinite-canvas.png :width: 700px Resizing the image ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :guilabel:`Scale Image to New Size` allows you to resize the whole image. Also, importantly, this is where you can change the resolution or *upres* your image. So for instance, if you were initially working at 72 PPI to block in large shapes and colors, images, etc... And now you want to really get in and do some detail work at 300 or 400 PPI this is where you would make the change. Like all other dialogs where a chain link appears, when the chain is linked the aspect ratio is maintained. To disconnect the chain, just click on the links and the two halves will separate. .. image:: /images/en/Scale_Image_to_New_Size.png Separating Images. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. image:: /images/en/Separate_Image.png This powerful image manipulation feature lets you separate an image into its different components or channels. This is useful for people working in print, or people manipulating game textures. There's no combine functionality, but what you can do, if using colored output, is to set two of the channels to the addition :ref:`blending_modes`. For grayscale images in the RGB space, you can use the copy red, copy green and copy blue blending modes, with using the red one for the red channel image, etc. Saving, Exporting and Opening Files ----------------------------------- When Krita creates or opens a file, it has a copy of the file in memory, that it edits. This is part of the way how computers work: They make a copy of their file in the ram. Thus, when saving, Krita takes it's copy and copies it over the existing file. There's a couple of tricks you can do with saving. Save Krita saves the current image in its memory to a defined place on the hard-drive. If the image hadn't been saved before, Krita will ask you where to save it. Save As Make a copy of your current file by saving it with a different name. Krita will switch to the newly made file as its active document. Open Open a saved file. Fairly straightforward. Export Save a file to a new location without actively opening it. Useful for when you are working on a layered file, but only need to save a flattened version of it to a certain location. Open Existing Document As Untitled Document This is a bit of an odd one, but it opens a file, and forgets where you saved it to, so that when pressing 'save' it asks you where to save it. This is also called 'import' in other programs. Create Copy from Current Image Makes a new copy of the current image. Similar to Open Existing Document As Untitled Document, but then with already opened files. Save Incremental Version Saves the current image as 'filename'\_XXX.kra and switches the current document to it. Save Incremental Backup. Copies and renames the last saved version of your file to a back-up file and saves your document under the original name. .. note:: Since Krita's file format is compressed data file, in case of a corrupt or broken file you can open it with archive managers and extract the contents of the layers. This will help you to recover as much as possible data from the file. On windows, you will need to rename it to filename.zip to open it.